Ultrasensitive Imaging of Cells and Sub‐Cellular Entities by Electrochemiluminescence

Descamps, Julie; Colin, Camille; Tessier, Gilles; Arbault, Stéphane; Šojić, Nešo

doi:10.1002/ange.202218574

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 54 publications

(1 reference statement)

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“…Then, [Ru(bpy) 3 ] 2+ * undergoes subsequent radiative decay, and the ECL photons are collected by the microscope objective and imaged by the EM-CCD camera. This mechanistic route is also essential in the field of ECL imaging of single biological objects such as cells, organelles, or bacteria. ,,, Considering this (electro)chemical-based mechanistic route, the ECL intensity distribution at Ru@bead was simulated in both top-view (Figures c and S2–S17 and Tables S1–S5 for the simulation mechanistic details) and side-view (Figure S1c) configurations. The latter configuration provides information on the spatial distribution of the different reaction intermediates and therefore of the locus of ECL emission (Figure S1b).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since ECL offers an optical readout, it evolved recently into a microscopy technique. − It has been applied to image various processes or image single entities, such as micro-/nanoparticles, cells, mitochondria, and bacteria, down to the single molecule or single photons levels. ,− Feng’s group demonstrated the possibility of detecting single ECL photons and extending their approach for the imaging of cells and beads used in immunoassays. ,− Liu’s group reported the ECL imaging of a single biomolecule and of the nanoconfinement effects occurring in nanoparticles. ,− Moreover, since the optical readout is generated from the electrochemical excitation, it provides a complementary descriptor of (electro)chemical reactivity. Different optical microscopy techniques are indeed currently used as operando tools to image and quantify electrochemical processes.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Optics Determines the Electrochemiluminescence Signal of Bead-Based Immunoassays

Han,

Jiang,

Valenti

et al. 2023

ACS Sens.

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Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) is an optical readout technique that is successfully applied for the detection of biomarkers in body fluids using microbead-based immunoassays. This technology is of utmost importance for in vitro diagnostics and thus a very active research area but is mainly focused on the quest for new dyes and coreactants, whereas the investigation of the ECL optics is extremely scarce. Herein, we report the 3D imaging of the ECL signals recorded at single microbeads decorated with the ECL labels in the sandwich immunoassay format. We show that the optical effects due to the light propagation through the bead determine mainly the spatial distribution of the recorded ECL signals. Indeed, the optical simulations based on the discrete dipole approximation compute rigorously the electromagnetic scattering of the ECL emission by the microbead and allow for reconstructing the spatial map of ECL emission. Thus, it provides a global description of the ECL chemical reactivity and the associated optics. The outcomes of this 3D imaging approach complemented by the optical modeling provide insight into the ECL optics and the unique ECL chemical mechanism operating on bead-based immunoassays. Therefore, it opens new directions for mechanistic investigations, ultrasensitive ECL bioassays, and imaging.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Optics Determines the Electrochemiluminescence Signal of Bead-Based Immunoassays

Han,

Jiang,

Valenti

et al. 2023

ACS Sens.

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“…For that, the cells were previously grown on a n-Si/SiO x /Ir MIS photoanode. Before microscopy experiments and according to the type of PECL imaging, the cells were pretreated in two ways: (i) for positive PECL (see Section ), the cell membrane was biotinylated, labeled with the luminophore linked to a streptavidin (SA@[Ru(bpy) 3 ] 2+ ), and permeabilized by Triton-X 100 for direct observation, as shown in Figure e; (ii) for negative PECL (see Section ), the cells were not labeled with an ECL luminophore but with calcein-AM (to be localized on the microscope by FL) . The cells were then observed by PECL in a back-illumination configuration using a NIR LED, at λ exc = 1050 nm.…”

Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light Conversion by Electrochemiluminescence at Semiconductor Surfaces

Zhao,

Descamps,

Léger

et al. 2024

Acc. Chem. Res.

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Metrics & MoreArticle Recommendations CONSPECTUS: Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) is the electrochemical generation of light.It involves an interfacial charge transfer that produces the excited state of a luminophore at the electrode surface. ECL is a powerful readout method that is widely employed for immunoassays and clinical diagnostics and is progressively evolving into a microscopy technique. On the other hand, photoelectrochemistry at illuminated semiconductors is a field of research that deals with the transfer of photogenerated charge carriers at the solid−liquid interface. This concept offers several advantages such as a considerable lowering of the onset potential required for triggering an electrochemical reaction as well as light addressable chemistry, via the spatial confinement of redox reactions at locally illuminated semiconductor electrodes. The combination of ECL with photoelectrochemistry at illuminated semiconductors is termed photoinduced ECL (PECL). It deals with the triggering of an ECL reaction through the transfer of photogenerated minority charge carriers at the illuminated solid/liquid interface. PECL results in the conversion of incident photons (λ exc ), that are absorbed by the semiconductor photoelectrode to emitted photons (λ PECL ), produced by the ECL reaction. Although demonstrated in the 1970s by Bard et al. in ultradry organic solvents, PECL remained unexplored until the last five years. Nowadays, as a result of the considerable progress achieved in semiconductor photoelectrodes and ECL systems, a large variety of PECL systems can be designed by combining photoelectrode materials with ECL luminophores, making it a versatile tool for light conversion in aqueous media.In this Account, we introduce the fundamentals of ECL and photoelectrochemistry at illuminated semiconductors and review the recent developments in PECL. We discuss the two main PECL light conversion schemes: downconversion (where λ exc < λ PECL ) and upconversion (where λ exc > λ PECL ). Besides, PECL can be used to simplify considerably the common electrochemical setups employed for ECL. Indeed, by engineering the photoelectrode material and carefully considering the reactivity involved for ECL and its counter-reaction, PECL enables the ultimate concept of all-optical ECL (AO-ECL), i.e., ECL generation at an illuminated monolithic device immersed into the electrolyte solution. As discussed in this Account, AO-ECL is an important breakthrough that allows the simplest ECL experimental configuration ever reported, eliminating constraints such as an electrical power supply, wires, electrodes, connections, and specific electrochemical knowledge. As shown at the end of this Account, due to the robustness of recently manufactured PECL systems, several applications can already be envisioned for microscopy, elucidation of solar conversion mechanisms, near-infrared imaging, and bioanalysis.

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“…Recently, ECL imaging has been used to visualize cellular adhesion. [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] Briefly, cell adhesion on an electrode blocks the ECL reactions, and no light emission occurs from the cell areas. However, the gaps between the cells exhibit large emissions because ECL chemicals diffuse from the bulk to the electrode through the gap.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Cell Adhesion Analysis Using Electrochemiluminescence Imaging and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy

OBA,

INO,

UTAGAWA

et al. 2024

Electrochemistry

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Cell adhesion to culture substrates plays a crucial role in cellular activities, such as proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Recently, electrochemiluminescence (ECL) imaging has been utilized for analyzing cell adhesion. In addition to ECL imaging, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is widely used as a conventional method for evaluating cell adhesion. However, the relationship between the results obtained from ECL imaging and EIS has not yet been investigated. In this study, the relationship between the results obtained using two methods is explored, and their advantages and disadvantages have been discussed. Endothelial cells were cultured on an extracellular matrix-coated indium tin oxide electrode for 24 h, which was further used for ECL imaging and EIS. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of ECL imaging and EIS of the same samples for cell adhesion analysis. This comprehensive analysis of cell adhesion using EIS and ECL imaging could be further used to evaluate drugs that target cell adhesion.

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Ultrasensitive Imaging of Cells and Sub‐Cellular Entities by Electrochemiluminescence

Cited by 4 publications

References 54 publications

Optics Determines the Electrochemiluminescence Signal of Bead-Based Immunoassays

Optics Determines the Electrochemiluminescence Signal of Bead-Based Immunoassays

Light Conversion by Electrochemiluminescence at Semiconductor Surfaces

Comprehensive Cell Adhesion Analysis Using Electrochemiluminescence Imaging and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy

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