“…Over the past decade, magnetic materials have attracted considerable attention due to their excellent performance in the fields of bioassays, − drug delivery, − electronics, , magnetic resonance imaging, − and environmental remediation. − As typical magnetic materials, magnetic beads (MBs) can be concentrated, trapped, or used in rapid separation by applying a magnetic field. Owing to their outstanding properties, such as high loading capacity, high magnetic susceptibility, and good biocompatibility, MBs have extensively been used for label-based bioassays such as immunoassays − and DNA assays. − Particularly, label-based chemiluminescence (CL) technology with MBs has been successfully commercialized in immunoassays. However, they still suffer from complicated labeling, purification, and washing procedures and need secondary antibody, which makes them labor-intensive, time-consuming, and expensive.…”