“Ultramixing”: A Simple and Effective Method To Obtain Controlled and Stable Dispersions of Graphene Oxide in Cell Culture Media

Abstract

The last decade has seen an increase in the application of graphene oxide (GO) in the biomedical field. GO has been successfully exploited for its ability to deliver many kinds of drugs into target cells. However, GO toxicity assessment is still controversial. Several studies demonstrated that GO protein coating is crucial to alleviate the material's toxicity. Besides, coronation leads to the formation of big agglomerates, reducing the cellular uptake of the material and thus its therapeutic efficiency. In this work, we propose a simple and efficient method based on rapid (Ultra-Turrax, UT) mixing to control protein corona formation. Using UT protocol, we were able to reduce GO agglomeration in the presence of proteins and to obtain stable GO dispersions in cell culture media. By labelling GO with luminescent nanoparticles (QDs), we studied the GO internalization kinetic and efficiency. Comparing the "classic" and the UT protocols, we found that the latter allows a faster and more efficient internalization both in macrophages and HeLa cells without affecting cell viability. We believe that the use of UT protocol will be interesting and suitable for the preparation of next generation GO-based drug delivery platforms. Recherche (ANR) through the LabEx project Chemistry of Complex Systems (ANR-10-LABX-0026_CSC).

Comparative Effects of Graphene and Molybdenum Disulfide on Human Macrophage Toxicity

“…Quantum dots were synthesized by controlled decomposition method, as previously reported. [ 57 ] For the synthesis of the Ag‐In QDs, 17 mg of AgNO 3 (0.1 mmol) (Sigma‐Aldrich) and 88.4 mg of InCl 3 (0.4 mmol, Sigma‐Aldrich) were placed in a 100 mL round‐bottom flask. Then, 190 µL of oleic acid (0.6 mmol) (Sigma‐Aldrich), 720 µL οf 1‐dodecanethiol (0.6 mmol) (Sigma‐Aldrich), and 8 mL of 1‐octadecene (Sigma‐Aldrich) were added under argon‐controlled atmosphere.…”

Few layer graphene does not affect the function and the autophagic activity of primary lymphocytes

“…22 Coupling of FLG with QDs has been recently reproted by our group. 23 Briefly, 10 µL (2 mg mL -1 CH 2 Cl 2 ) of QDs were added to 100 µL (100 µg mL -1 ) aqueos dispersion of FLG. The biphasic solution have been sonicated at 40°C in a water bath for 10-15 min.…”

Toward High‐Dimensional Single‐Cell Analysis of Graphene Oxide Biological Impact: Tracking on Immune Cells by Single‐Cell Mass Cytometry

“…[ 45,46 ] To allow tracking the flakes, GO was covalently labeled with cysteine‐capped AgInS 2 quantum dots via epoxide opening reaction (Figure 1b). [ 47 ] The TEM images of GO–In show the presence of small dark particles (2‐5 nm) [ 47,48 ] on GO associated to the AgInS 2 (Figure 1c), as confirmed by the appearance of In 3d bands in the XPS survey and high resolution spectra (Figures S1 and S2, Supporting Information). The percentage of In calculated from the XPS survey was 0.29 at% (Table S1, Supporting Information).…”

“…AgInS 2 QDs were synthesized by controlled decomposition method as we already reported. [ 47,48 ] For the synthesis of the QDs, 17 mg of AgNO 3 (0.1 mmol, Sigma‐Aldrich) and 88.4 mg of InCl 3 (0.4 mmol, Sigma‐Aldrich) were placed in a 100 mL round‐bottom flask. Then, 190 µL of oleic acid (0.6 mmol, Sigma‐Aldrich), 720 µL οf dodecylthiol (0.6 mmol, Sigma‐Aldrich), and 8 mL of 1‐octadecene (Sigma‐Aldrich) were added under argon.…”