Ultramicroelectrode sensors and detectors

Solid-state voltammetry and polymer electrolyte plasticization as a basis for an electrochemical gas chromatographic detector

“…Electrochemical cells have been employed as detectors in liquid chromatography for some years (1) and recently by Jorgenson et al (2)(3)(4)(5) for capillary electrophoresis (2)(3)(4)(5). Owing to the perceived impracticality of the electrolysis of gaseous samples, no electrochemical detector for gas chromatography (GC) has until recently (6,7) been described. Drawing upon the advantages (8) of the very small currents that flow at very small electrodes (microelectrodes), Pons et al (6,7) have designed an electrochemical GC detector that uses concentric microring and macroring electrodes separated by thin films of glass and epoxy sealant/insulators.…”

Voltammetry in supercritical carbon dioxide at platinum microdisk electrodes coated with perfluorinated ion-exchange membranes

“…Their small dimensions result in enhanced mass transport, leading to steady-state, or quasi-steady-state, diffusion-controlled currents (2). In addition, their properties mean that they can be used in high-resistance media (3)(4)(5)(6), short time domains (7), studies of nucleation processes (8), charge transfer kinetics (8-10), as a probe within the diffusion layer (11), as electrochemical detectors for chromatography (12) and in spectroelectrochemistry (13). Band microelectrodes, which have an active surface with one dimension in the micrometer range, with the other several millimeters long, retain many of the advantages of ultramicroelectrodes mentioned before.…”

“…For example, Murray and co-workers (6), reported the use an electroactive substrate contained within an ionically conducting polymer membrane which responded to modification of transport phenomena caused by the sorption of solvent vapors. Pons and co-workers have used a microelectrode assembly for the direct detection of redox-active eluents (7). In the latter work, conduction involved the migration of ions across the surface of the insulator material separating the working and counter electrodes.…”

Polarography and Voltammetry in Nonaqueous Solutions

“…For practical experimental techniques, seeRefs [76,[78][79][80][81][82][83][84]. For practical experimental techniques, seeRefs [76,[78][79][80][81][82][83][84].…”