Ultralow mode-volume photonic crystal nanobeam cavities for high-efficiency coupling to individual carbon nanotube emitters

Miura, Ryohei; Imamura, S.; Ohta, Ryuichi; Ishii, Akihiro; Liu, X.; Shimada, Takashi; Iwamoto, Satoshi; Arakawa, Yasuhiko; Kato, Yuichiro

doi:10.1038/ncomms6580

Cited by 118 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Perforated nanobeam is a common component largely used in advanced technologies especially for optomechanics and photonics [36][37][38][39][40]. However, the dynamic vibrations analysis of perforated nanobeams has not been studied as extensively as full nanobeams despite their importance in advanced technologies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Analytical modeling for the determination of nonlocal resonance frequencies of perforated nanobeams subjected to temperature-induced loads

Bourouina

Yahiaoui

Sahar

et al. 2016

Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Analytical modeling for the determination of nonlocal resonance frequencies of perforated nanobeams subjected to temperature-induced loads

Bourouina

Yahiaoui

Sahar

et al. 2016

Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures

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“…The narrowing of the PL line of L-SWNTs is due to a weaker effective exciton-phonon coupling subsequent to a weaker localization of the exciton. These results suggest that exciton localization in SWNTs not only arises from interfacial effects, but that the intrinsic crystalline quality of the SWNT plays an important role.Photoluminescence (PL) emission in semiconducting carbon nanotubes arises from exciton recombination [1][2][3] and has been extensively studied in view of possible applications in opto-electronics, bio-imaging or photovoltaics [4][5][6][7]. Observation of photon antibunching in the near infrared [8,9] suggests that SWNTs are also promising single-photon sources for the implementation of quantum information protocols.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the inset of figure 2, the FWHM of the PL spectra are plotted as a function of the emission energy. Three groups of points are visible and are tentatively assigned to (11,7), (14,3), (12,4) chiralities [37]. Due to the scattering of the experimental points and due to the poor statistics for the smaller diameters, it is hard to identify any clear trend.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Strong reduction of exciton-phonon coupling in single-wall carbon nanotubes of high crystalline quality: Insight into broadening mechanisms and exciton localization

et al. 2015

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Carbon nanotubes are quantum sources whose emission can be tuned at telecommunication wavelengths by choosing the diameter appropriately. Most applications require the smallest possible linewidth. Therefore, the study of the underlying dephasing mechanisms is of utmost interest. Here, we report on the low-temperature photoluminescence of high crystalline quality individual single-wall carbon nanotubes synthesized by laser ablation (L-SWNTs) and emitting at telecommunication wavelengths. A thorough statistical analysis of their emission spectra reveals a typical linewidth one order of magnitude narrower than that of most samples reported in the literature. The narrowing of the PL line of L-SWNTs is due to a weaker effective exciton-phonon coupling subsequent to a weaker localization of the exciton. These results suggest that exciton localization in SWNTs not only arises from interfacial effects, but that the intrinsic crystalline quality of the SWNT plays an important role.Photoluminescence (PL) emission in semiconducting carbon nanotubes arises from exciton recombination [1][2][3] and has been extensively studied in view of possible applications in opto-electronics, bio-imaging or photovoltaics [4][5][6][7]. Observation of photon antibunching in the near infrared [8,9] suggests that SWNTs are also promising single-photon sources for the implementation of quantum information protocols. Interestingly, the PL emission energy (i.e. the excitonic recombination energy) strongly depends on the tube diameter and can be easily tuned in the telecommunication bands at 0.83 eV (1.5µm) by choosing SWNTs with a diameter of about 1-1.2 nm [10]. SWNTs could therefore make up a very versatile light source for quantum optics. Several studies suggested that the optical properties of SWNTs at low temperature are best described in terms of localized excitons (zero-dimensional confinement), leading to a quantum dot like behavior [11,12]. Nevertheless, the nature of the traps responsible for this exciton localization is not elucidated yet. In order to address the issue of exciton localization, we studied carbon nanotubes produced by high-temperature synthesis methods such as electric arc or laser ablation methods, which are known for their higher crystalline quality, with a lower density of defects [13][14][15][16][17].In addition to the large Coulomb interaction responsible for the huge exciton binding energy in SWNTs, many other effects -both intrinsic (exciton -phonon coupling [11,18,19] In this work, we study the low-temperature (10 K) PL emission from surfactant dispersed laser ablation carbon nanotubes (L-SWNTs) [27,28]. These nanotubes result from a high-temperature growth process and are wellknown for having a higher crystalline quality. With a mean diameter of the order of 1.1 nm, they typically emit in the telecommunication band at about 1.5 µm [10]. Our sample is obtained by spinning the solutionprocessed SWNTs on the flat surface of a solid immersion lens coated with poly-lysine, following the previously reported procedure...

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“…48,49 Active experimental studies of trions have led to the observation of an exciton complex, a biexciton state in nanotubes, 52,53 and encourage further studies of trion states in atomic monolayer materials such as MoSe 2 and MoS 2 . 54,55 Moreover, considerable experimental efforts have been devoted to improve the luminescence quantum yield of semiconducting SWCNTs by coupling them to photonic crystal cavities, 56,57 applying electric fields, 58 and introducing luminescent local defects. 59,60 Similar to the case of quantum dot nanocrystals, [61][62][63] a deep understanding of trion states is essential for development of photonic and optoelectronic devices based on SWCNTs.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Review—Photophysics of Trions in Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Nishihara¹,

Okano²,

Yamada³

et al. 2017

ECS J. Solid State Sci. Technol.

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The photophysics of trions in single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) is reviewed briefly. The trion state is observed energetically below the exciton state in hole-doped SWCNTs, and shows a simple single-exponential decay. The decay dynamics of trions depends on the photoexcitation condition. The optical responses of trions can be discussed by considering the energy relaxation of the optically accessible trion state. Detailed studies of excitons, trions, and biexcitons provide a deep understanding of the material properties of SWCNTs and are required for the design of photonic devices based on SWCNTs. 3,4 which has led to accelerated experimental studies on various optical properties of SWCNTs. Electrons and holes are strongly spatially confined to diameters on the order of 1 nm, resulting in room temperature stable excitons with large binding energies in the range of 200-400 meV.5-11 The exciton dynamics thus dominates the optical properties of semiconducting SWCNTs. 5,6 High-quality carbon nanomaterials provide an excellent experimental stage for studies on photophysics of excitons and exciton complexes.The exciton structures in SWCNTs are complicated due to the intrinsic properties of graphene, their unique helical structures, and coulomb interactions. 5 The origin of the optical absorption and PL is ascribed to the dipole-allowed (bright) exciton states, and their dynamics are affected by the interplay with the dipole-forbidden (dark) exciton states. Single nanotube spectroscopy has revealed details of the intrinsic exciton properties. For example, magneto-optical studies showed that the even-parity singlet dark exciton state is located energetically below the bright exciton state.12,13 Thermalization between the bright and dark exciton states determines the temperaturedependent PL properties 12,13 and the exciton diffusion length. 14,15 Furthermore, strong spatial confinement accentuates the exciton-exciton and exciton-electron interactions. Time-resolved transient absorption (TA) and PL spectroscopy measurements have revealed that multiple exciton states show rapid decays due to nonradiative Auger recombination. [16][17][18][19] Nonradiative Auger recombination, which competes with exciton diffusion, determines the PL efficiency of semiconducting SWCNTs, [20][21][22][23][24] and it ensures nonclassical PL by preventing the occupation of identical exciton states. 25Carrier doping is one of the most important techniques in semiconductors, which controls their electrical and optical properties. In SWCNTs, carrier doping has been actively studied using chemical modification [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37] 47 Under strong photoexcitation conditions, dissociated carriers resulting from Auger recombination can create trion states with a subsequent absorbed photon. 43 Positive and negative trion states show almost the same binding energies. 46 Time-resolved TA and PL measurements have revealed fast formation of the trion state through the exciton-hole interaction. 48,49 Active experimental stud...

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Ultralow mode-volume photonic crystal nanobeam cavities for high-efficiency coupling to individual carbon nanotube emitters

Cited by 118 publications

References 32 publications

Analytical modeling for the determination of nonlocal resonance frequencies of perforated nanobeams subjected to temperature-induced loads

Analytical modeling for the determination of nonlocal resonance frequencies of perforated nanobeams subjected to temperature-induced loads

Strong reduction of exciton-phonon coupling in single-wall carbon nanotubes of high crystalline quality: Insight into broadening mechanisms and exciton localization

Review—Photophysics of Trions in Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

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