Ultrahighly Saturated Structural Colors Enhanced by Multipolar-Modulated Metasurfaces

Yang, Bo; Liu, Wenwei; Li, Zhancheng; Cheng, Hua; Choi, Duk‐Yong; Chen, Shuqi; Tian, Jianguo

doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b04923

Cited by 173 publications

(142 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Structural colors offer numerous possibilities such as ultrahigh‐resolution prints at the optical diffraction limit, environmentally friendly and fade‐resistant structural colors, structural color displays, optical anti‐counterfeiting, and camouflaging . Various systems have been employed to realize structural colors, such as plasmonic resonators, all‐dielectric systems, and diffraction gratings . These systems take advantage of various physical resonances and mechanisms such as surface plasmons, gap plasmons, Mie resonances, and thin‐film interference .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tunable, Cost‐Effective, and Scalable Structural Colors for Sensing and Consumer Products

Rezaei

Naderi

et al. 2019

Advanced Optical Materials

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color displays, [4][5][6][7] optical anti-counterfeiting, [8][9][10][11] and camouflaging. [12] Various systems have been employed to realize structural colors, such as plasmonic resonators, [13][14][15] all-dielectric systems, [16][17][18][19][20] and diffraction gratings. [21][22][23][24] These systems take advantage of various physical resonances and mechanisms such as surface plasmons, gap plasmons, [25][26][27] Mie resonances, [28][29][30] and thin-film interference. [19,31,32] In particular, structural colors based on thin-film interference such as Fabry-Perot (FP) cavity are promising as they can be easily scaled up, patterned using different processes, and produce vibrant colors. [19,33] Structural color elements can be designed such that they visually respond to different external stimuli through the use of suitable materials in an optically resonant system. Various optical systems such as FP, [34][35][36] Bragg reflector, [37] plasmonic, [38][39][40] and photonic crystal [41] structure types have been employed to realize such stimuli-responsive systems. Various materials such as hydrogels, [34,35,38,39] 2D materials, [37] and phase changing materials (i.e., VO 2 , Sb 2 S 3 ) [36,42] have been exploited in structural color responsive systems. Depending on the material that is incorporated into the optical system, the system can respond to one or multiple stimuli such as temperature and humidity. [38,39] While multiple demonstrations have been made, the issue of cost and simplicity of device design has yet to be fully addressed.Of the various external stimuli, a chemical response is of great importance. In chemical sensing, changes in the environment are detected by transforming the change into an analytically useful output such as color. [43][44][45] To this end, materials that respond to certain chemicals are integrated into an optical resonator. For instance, the poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-coacrylic acid) hydrogel was covalently bonded to a silicon (Si) substrate to realize a sensor through the thin-film interference effect to detect volatile organic compounds. [34] In another work, copper ions and glycoprotein were detected using an FP cavity made by sandwiching poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid-co-N-allyl acrylamide) hydrogel between Si substrate and a gold (Au) film through spectrometric measurements. [35] Previous reports do not provide enough color variation, lack saturated colors that are easy to distinguish visually, need spectrometric measurements, or use costly materials and processes.The cost-effective colorimetric detection of chemicals can be a potential substitute for expensive spectrometers. Here, a structural color sensor is presented that can distinguish seven different organic solvents through a timed sharp color change. The color sensor is based on interference effects in a metalinsulator-metal Fabry-Perot (FP) cavity with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) serving as the dielectric layer. By tuning the cross-linker to monomer ratio of PDMS and employing a porous nickel (Ni) top layer, t...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tunable, Cost‐Effective, and Scalable Structural Colors for Sensing and Consumer Products

Rezaei

Naderi

et al. 2019

Advanced Optical Materials

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“…A reflection dip is observed around the anapole resonance wavelength, which can be tuned by changing the gap size between the Au apertures and the VSRRs. Few‐layer metasurfaces have also been applied to the realization of structural colors in recent years . By using multidielectric stacked layers, Yang et al experimentally obtained ultrahigh saturation structural colors ranging from 70% to 90% with full hue, as shown in Figure h.…”

Section: Prominent Applications In Few‐layer Metasurfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Few‐layer metasurfaces have also been applied to the realization of structural colors in recent years . By using multidielectric stacked layers, Yang et al experimentally obtained ultrahigh saturation structural colors ranging from 70% to 90% with full hue, as shown in Figure h. The unit cell consists of a SiO 2 capping layer, a TiO 2 spacer layer, and a Si 3 N 4 bottom layer.…”

Section: Prominent Applications In Few‐layer Metasurfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Empowered Layer Effects and Prominent Properties in Few‐Layer Metasurfaces

Chen

Zhang

et al. 2019

Advanced Optical Materials

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applications have been realized based on the metamaterials, such as negative index materials, [3] invisibility cloaks, [4] and zeroindex materials. [5] Nevertheless, metamaterials are usually bulky, difficult to be fabricated, and suffer from high energy losses, which hinder their practical applications in modern photonic systems. In recent years, planar metasurfaces, the 2D equivalents of metamaterials, have attracted plenty of attentions due to their extraordinary abilities in controlling the polarization, amplitude, phase, and dispersion of electromagnetic waves. [6][7][8] Compared with bulk metamaterials, the metasurfaces have many advantages, such as ultrathin thicknesses, low losses, ease of fabrication and integration. Over the past years, single-layer metasurfaces have been widely applied in realizing polarization conversion, [9] beam deflectors, [10,11] metalenses, [12,13] holograms, [14] coding, [15] structural colors, [16,17] nonlinear metasurfaces, [18] and some other applications. Nevertheless, the interactions between lights and ultrathin single-layer metasurfaces are usually limited, resulting in low efficiency and limited controllability in some applications. [19] Moreover, the degrees of freedom for light manipulation provided by a single-layer metasurface are usually not enough in realizing multifunctional devices and some other sophisticated photonic systems.Few-layer metasurface that contains more than one functional layer provides an effective method to overcome the drawbacks of both bulk metamaterials and single-layer metasurfaces. Cheng et al. employed the concept of few-layer metasurfaces to discuss the advantages and emergent functionalities of them in ref. [20]. Few-layer metasurfaces retain the advantages of single-layer metasurfaces and can provide more degrees of freedom to manipulate electromagnetic waves. More importantly, the abundant layer effects, such as the multiple wave interference between layers and the near-field coupling effects, can enhance the interactions between lights and structures and improve the efficiency of few-layer systems. In addition, the combination of different functional layers can produce novel functions that single-layer metasurfaces can hardly realize. For example, by breaking the mirror symmetry along the propagation direction, few-layer metasurfaces can realize asymmetric transmission of linearly polarized lights. [21] By vertically integrating different metasurfaces on one substrate, optical systems with different functions can be miniaturization and integration. Recently, the few-layer metasurfaces have also been extended in the acoustic fields to realize some novel applications, such Metamaterials are 3D artificial structures proposed to surpass conventional natural materials and realize novel functions beyond traditional optical elements. Nevertheless, they are usually bulky and difficult to be fabricated. As 2D equivalents of metamaterials, metasurfaces have been proposed to overcome the drawbacks of metamaterials and fully control the polarizati...

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“…This enables the representation of smooth photorealistic color and brightness transitions and a Page 4 of 25 continuous coverage of over 39% of the sRGB color gamut. This is a large step forward with respect to the state of the art, where, instead, discrete color hues and tones were reproduced 4,5,[18][19][20][21]26,6,7,[9][10][11][13][14][15] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Plasmonic Painter’s Method of Color Mixing for a Continuous Red–Green–Blue Palette

et al. 2020

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The ability of mixing colors with remarkable results had long been exclusive to the talents of master painters. By finely combining colors at different amounts on the palette intuitively, they obtain smooth gradients with any given color. Creating such smooth color variations through scattering by the structural patterning of a surface, as opposed to color pigments, has long remained a challenge. Here, we borrow from the painter's approach and demonstrate color mixing generated by an optical metasurface. We propose a singlelayer plasmonic color pixel and a method for nanophotonic structural color mixing based on the additive RGB color model. The color pixels consist of plasmonic nanorod arrays that generate vivid primary colors and enable independent control of color brightness without affecting chromaticity, by simply varying geometric in-plane parameters. By interleaving different nanorod arrays, we combine up to three primary colors on a single pixel. Based on this, two and three color mixing is demonstrated, enabling the continuous coverage of a plasmonic RGB color gamut and yielding a palette with a virtually unlimited number of colors. With this multi-resonant color pixel, we show the photorealistic printing Page 2 of 25 of color and monochrome images at the nanoscale, with ultra-smooth transitions in color and brightness. Our color mixing approach can be applied to a broad range of scatterer designs and materials, and has the potential to be used for multi-wavelength color filters and dynamic photorealistic displays.

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Ultrahighly Saturated Structural Colors Enhanced by Multipolar-Modulated Metasurfaces

Cited by 173 publications

References 43 publications

Tunable, Cost‐Effective, and Scalable Structural Colors for Sensing and Consumer Products

Tunable, Cost‐Effective, and Scalable Structural Colors for Sensing and Consumer Products

Empowered Layer Effects and Prominent Properties in Few‐Layer Metasurfaces

A Plasmonic Painter’s Method of Color Mixing for a Continuous Red–Green–Blue Palette

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