Ultrahigh electron-deficient pyrrolo-acenaphtho-pyridazine-dione based donor–acceptor conjugated polymers for electrochromic applications

Abstract

New ultrahigh electron-deficient acceptors pyrrolo-acenaphtho-pyridazine-diones (PAPD) were synthesized via a regio-selective inverse electron demand Diels–Alder reaction and their corresponding conjugated polymers showed electrochromism with long-term stability.

Inverse‐Electron‐Demand Diels–Alder Reactions: Principles and Applications

“…One of the most effective materials is obtained through the donor–acceptor approach by alternating electron donors and acceptors, which results in low‐band‐gap polymers. Pyrrolo[3,4‐ d ]pyridazine‐5,7‐dione 89 , pyrrolophthalazine dione 90 , and pyrroloacenaphthopyridazinedione 91 are typical examples of electron acceptors prepared by our group (Figure ). Similar monomers have also been applied to other fields such as organic solar cells .…”

Carbon nanoonion-ferrocene conjugates as acceptors in organic photovoltaic devices

“…6, panel (I)). The Ox 1 and R 1 peaks observed for the CNO-Fc systems (CNO 2, CNO 4, CNO 6, CNO 8 and CNO 10) correspond to the reversible one-electron oxidation-reduction of iron 67 and to diffusion-controlled Fc/Fc + oxidation. 54,55 The compounds containing ferrocenyl groups show a oneelectron oxidation process at potentials that vary little with the spacer group between the CNO core and the Fc moiety.…”

“…65 If the RE is Ag/ Ag + , then C takes the value of 4.71. 65 The LUMO energy levels can be calculated from the values of the HOMO and the optical band gaps determined at the onset of absorption from UV-vis measurement: 66,67 LUMO ¼ HOMO + E g (eV)…”

Synthesis and characterization of novel donor–acceptor type electrochromic polymers containing diketopyrrolopyrrole as an acceptor and propylenedioxythiophene or indacenodithiophene as a donor

“…6,7 The attractive optoelectronic properties and solution-processing performances of conjugated electrochromic polymers can be ne-tuned via chemical and structural modications of their backbones or side chains. [8][9][10][11][12] To this end, various methods have been developed. A well-established strategy is the donoracceptor (D-A) approach, in which electron-donating and electron-accepting heterocycles alternated along the polymer chain to generate EC materials with a low band gap, ne-tuned optoelectronic characteristic and solution processability.…”