Ultrahigh detection sensitivity exceeding 105 V/W in spin-torque diode

Zhang, Like; Fang, Bin; Cai, Jialin; Carpentieri, Mario; Puliafito, Vito; Garescì, Francesca; Amiri, Pedram Khalili; Finocchio, G.; Zeng, Zhongming

doi:10.1063/1.5047547

Cited by 50 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…After a proper rectification process optimization, the STD based on injection‐locking mechanism demonstrated the highest sensitivity [ 36 ] up to date, which exceeding 210 000 mV mW −1 . It has become possible through a systematic study of the detection properties by adjusting the CoFeB free layer thickness for optimizing the interfacial perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (IPMA), and by balancing it with the shape anisotropy (cross‐section geometry) of the STDs.…”

Section: Spin‐torque Diode Effect In Case Of DC Biasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The required magnetization state, which is almost perpendicular but has some small tilt from normal, can also be achieved using perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. For example, in the work by Zhang et al., [ 36 ] the authors succeed to observe broadband detection (from 0.2 to 0.6 GHz) in MTJ with free layer magnetization 11° tilted from normal in the presence of DC bias but without perpendicular external field. This regime in some way is similar to the vortex expulsion case mentioned above, since it also requires DC bias to set the system into the maximum amplitude precession state and it switches into the resonant regime without it.…”

Section: Broadband Std Rectification Modementioning

confidence: 99%

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Spin‐Torque Diodes: From Fundamental Research to Applications

Skirdkov

Zvezdin

2020

Annalen der Physik

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Among a rich variety of emerging spintronic devices, spin‐torque diodes (STDs) are among the most interesting, from both a fundamental and an applied perspective. The spin‐torque diode effect occurs when a microwave alternating electric current injected into a magnetic tunneling junction (MTJ) is rectified due to the simultaneous actions of tunneling magnetoresistance and spin‐transfer torque. While the sensitivity of STDs observed in the initial research is rather modest (about 1.4 mV mW−1), after only a few years researchers have increased it to 200 kV W−1 and demonstrated rectification at nanowatt input powers, which radically exceeds the capabilities of mainstream Schottky diodes. This impressive progress is based on a deep understanding of the complex STD physics and on recent advances in MTJ fabrication technology. Herein, the experimental pathways toward increasing the sensitivity and extending the frequency range of STDs and theoretical works aimed at explaining the complex nonlinear dynamics are analysed, and a wide variety of possible STD applications are discussed.

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Section: Spin‐torque Diode Effect In Case Of DC Biasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Broadband Std Rectification Modementioning

confidence: 99%

Spin‐Torque Diodes: From Fundamental Research to Applications

Skirdkov

Zvezdin

2020

Annalen der Physik

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“…Platinum. We perform systematic micromagnetic simulations to calculate the skyrmion sizes as a function of the out-of-plane external field 0Hext and temperature T, by integrating the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation for the reduced magnetization T=0 K, we used the following material parameters: s M =600 kA/m [12], A =20 pJ/m [49], D =3.0 mJ/m 2 [50,51], u K =0.60 MJ/m 3 [12,52], and Gilbert damping G  =0.1 [53], while for T>0 and the analytical model, we used the parameters as calculated from the scaling relations [35]     It can be observed that there exist skyrmion configurations with different shape and size (Figs. 1(b)-(e)), but characterized by the same energy (5.6 x 10 -17 J in Fig.…”

Section: Numerical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Configurational entropy of magnetic skyrmions as an ideal gas

et al. 2019

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The study of thermodynamics of topological defects is an important challenge to understand their underlying physics. Among them, magnetic skyrmions have a leading role for their physical properties and potential applications in storage and neuromorphic computing. In this paper, the thermodynamic statistics of magnetic skyrmions is derived. It is shown that the skyrmion free energy can be modelled via a parabolic function and the diameters statistics obeys the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution. This allows for making an analogy between the behavior of the distribution of skyrmion diameters statistics and the diluted gas Maxwell-Boltzmann molecules distribution at thermodynamical equilibrium. The calculation of the skyrmion configurational entropy, due to thermally-induced changes of size and shape of the skyrmion, is essential for the determination of thermal fluctuations of the skyrmion energy around its average value. These results can be employed to advance the field of skyrmionics. 3 I. INTRODUCTIONMagnetic skyrmions have been gaining an important role in studies of low-dimensional magnetic systems due to their suitable physical properties and potential applications [1][2][3][4]. Skyrmions can be considered as quasi-particles with topologically-protected magnetization texture, characterized by an integer skyrmion number [1,4]. Although skyrmions can be stabilized by the interplay between exchange and dipolar interactions (so called "bubble skyrmion" [1]), much of the interest is devoted to systems where the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) plays a role in this stabilization [5,6].The DMI is a chiral exchange interaction due to lack or breaking of inversion symmetry in bulk crystalline lattices (bulk DMI) [7][8][9] or at the interfaces in magnetic multilayers (interfacial DMI (IDMI)) [10-13]. While other types of DMI can exist (for instance, in D2d structures) [14,15], in this work we focus on the IDMI. This because it promotes the formation of small Néel skyrmions [1,2,4], which are stable at room temperature as isolated skyrmions, and can be nucleated [16-18], manipulated [12,19-21] as well as detected [22-24] by electrical currents. Therefore, Néel skyrmions have become promising for technological applications [25-33]. Fundamentally, because of thermal fluctuations, Néel skyrmions are subject to (i) internal deformations [10,12,34,35], that are responsible for the loss of the circular symmetry; (ii) thermal drift [18,34,35], which leads to a random skyrmion motion throughout the film plane; (iii) thermal breathing modes [35,36] that can induce non-stationary expansion and shrinking of the skyrmion core, i.e. a time-evolution of the skyrmion size. Hence, the effect of thermal fluctuations should be considered for a proper design of skyrmionbased devices and applications [32,35], especially at room temperature.In this work, we show that the thermal fluctuations promote the existence of a number of skyrmions characterized by the same energy, but having different shapes and diameters. This aspect allows us f...

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“…It should be mentioned that there have been a lot of important proposals about switching, creation, and excitation of a magnetic vortex or magnetic skyrmion confined in a nanodot using the microwave irradiation so far [53][54][55][56][57] . These methods cleverly avoid the difficulty in squeezing a spot of microwave application by restricting the magnetization distribution to a nanometric dot-shaped sample.…”

Section: Summary and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Creation of nanometric magnetic skyrmions by global application of circularly polarized microwave magnetic field

Miyake

Mochizuki

2020

Phys. Rev. B

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From a theoretical perspective, we demonstrate that nanometric magnetic skyrmions are created by application of a circularly polarized microwave magnetic field to a thin-plate Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya ferromagnet with fabricated rectangular holes. This phenomenon is caused by an effective steady magnetic field perpendicular to the microwave-polarization plane induced by the rotating magnetic field and the intense interference of spin waves excited by this magnetic field due to the hole structure, which causes reversals of local magnetizations and results in the formation of skyrmions. Our proposal provides a new option to write or create magnetic textures the sizes of which are much smaller than the spot size of the external stimulus such as magnetic field, light, and microwave.

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Ultrahigh detection sensitivity exceeding 105 V/W in spin-torque diode

Cited by 50 publications

References 24 publications

Spin‐Torque Diodes: From Fundamental Research to Applications

Spin‐Torque Diodes: From Fundamental Research to Applications

Configurational entropy of magnetic skyrmions as an ideal gas

Creation of nanometric magnetic skyrmions by global application of circularly polarized microwave magnetic field

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