Ultrafine particulate matter exposure augments ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice

Cozzi, Emily; Hazarika, Surovi; Stallings, Howard W.; Cascio, Wayne E.; Devlin, Robert B.; Lust, Robert M.; Wingard, Christopher J.; Scott, Michael R. Van

doi:10.1152/ajpheart.01362.2005

Cited by 89 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 67 publications

(70 reference statements)

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“…The areas are measured using Scion or NIH imaging software which can be calibrated using a micrometer imaged at the same magnification. These numbers are used to calculate area at risk/left ventricle and infarct size/area at risk 11 . Strain differences can result in variations in body weight and heart size and so care should be taken to normalize these measures to heart weight, body weight, or tibia length for comparative purposes.…”

Section: Representative Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A solution containing 1% Evan's blue is injected into the aorta. Once the heart is extracted, it is cut transversely into 3 sections of equal thickness, incubated in 1% 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride, and imaged for morphometric analyses 11 . For chronic studies, the heart is then immersed in fixative, then processed and embedded according to routine procedures.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Coronary Artery Ligation and Intramyocardial Injection in a Murine Model of Infarction

Virag

Lust

2011

JoVE

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Mouse models are a valuable tool for studying acute injury and chronic remodeling of the myocardium in vivo. With the advent of genetic modifications to the whole organism or the myocardium and an array of biological and/or synthetic materials, there is great potential for any combination of these to assuage the extent of acute ischemic injury and impede the onset of heart failure pursuant to myocardial remodeling.Here we present the methods and materials used to reliably perform this microsurgery and the modifications involved for temporary (with reperfusion) or permanent coronary artery occlusion studies as well as intramyocardial injections. The effects on the heart that can be seen during the procedure and at the termination of the experiment in addition to histological evaluation will verify efficacy.Briefly, surgical preparation involves anesthetizing the mice, removing the fur on the chest, and then disinfecting the surgical area. Intratracheal intubation is achieved by transesophageal illumination using a fiber optic light. The tubing is then connected to a ventilator. An incision made on the chest exposes the pectoral muscles which will be cut to view the ribs. For ischemia/reperfusion studies, a 1 cm piece of PE tubing placed over the heart is used to tie the ligature to so that occlusion/reperfusion can be customized. For intramyocardial injections, a Hamilton syringe with sterile 30gauge beveled needle is used. When the myocardial manipulations are complete, the rib cage, the pectoral muscles, and the skin are closed sequentially. Line block analgesia is effected by 0.25% marcaine in sterile saline which is applied to muscle layer prior to closure of the skin. The mice are given a subcutaneous injection of saline and placed in a warming chamber until they are sternally recumbent. They are then returned to the vivarium and housed under standard conditions until the time of tissue collection. At the time of sacrifice, the mice are anesthetized, the heart is arrested in diastole with KCl or BDM, rinsed with saline, and immersed in fixative. Subsequently, routine procedures for processing, embedding, sectioning, and histological staining are performed.Nonsurgical intubation of a mouse and the microsurgical manipulations described make this a technically challenging model to learn and achieve reproducibility. These procedures, combined with the difficulty in performing consistent manipulations of the ligature for timed occlusion(s) and reperfusion or intramyocardial injections, can also affect the survival rate so optimization and consistency are critical. Video LinkThe video component of this article can be found at https://www.jove.com/video/2581/ Protocol 1. Sterile surgical instruments (Table 1) and 3" cotton tipped applicators are placed on a sterile underpad. The bead sterilizer (Germinator 500) is turned on. 2. Mice (age: > 6 weeks; wt: > 18g) are anesthetized with an i.p. injection of 20μl/g BW of tribromoethanol (250mg/kg; duration -approximately 40 minutes). 3. When the mice are unrespon...

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Section: Representative Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Coronary Artery Ligation and Intramyocardial Injection in a Murine Model of Infarction

Virag

Lust

2011

JoVE

Self Cite

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“…Relatively high concentrations of intratracheal UFP instillation induced pulmonary inflammation and doubled MI size in mice. 358 Conscious dogs exposed to fine CAP for several days experienced greater ST-segment changes during transient coronary artery occlusion. 378 These studies suggested that particulate-related changes in myocardial blood flow may be responsible, a hypothesis recently supported by experiments in chronically instrumented dogs exposed to fine CAP before transient occlusion of the left anterior descending artery.…”

Section: And Arrhythmiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…358 Moreover, repeated 10-week-long endotracheal dispersion of UFP carbon black increased atherosclerosis in low-density lipoprotein receptor-knockout mice. 359 This occurred without evidence of systemic translocation of particles into the cardiovascular tissues.…”

Section: Vascular Dysfunction and Atherosclerosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Particulate Matter Air Pollution and Cardiovascular Disease

Brook¹,

Rajagopalan²,

Pope³

et al. 2010

Circulation

5,336

3,225

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Abstract-In 2004, the first American Heart Association scientific statement on "Air Pollution and Cardiovascular Disease" concluded that exposure to particulate matter (PM) air pollution contributes to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. In the interim, numerous studies have expanded our understanding of this association and further elucidated the physiological and molecular mechanisms involved. The main objective of this updated American Heart Association scientific statement is to provide a comprehensive review of the new evidence linking PM exposure with cardiovascular disease, with a specific focus on highlighting the clinical implications for researchers and healthcare providers. The writing group also sought to provide expert consensus opinions on many aspects of the current state of science and updated suggestions for areas of future research. On the basis of the findings of this review, several new conclusions were reached, including the following: Exposure to PM Ͻ2.5 m in diameter (PM 2.5 ) over a few hours to weeks can trigger cardiovascular disease-related mortality and nonfatal events; longer-term exposure (eg, a few years) increases the risk for cardiovascular mortality to an even greater extent than exposures over a few days and reduces life expectancy within more highly exposed segments of the population by several months to a few years; reductions in PM levels are associated with decreases in cardiovascular mortality within a time frame as short as a few years; and many credible pathological mechanisms have been elucidated that lend biological plausibility to these findings. It is the opinion of the writing group that the overall evidence is consistent with a causal relationship between PM 2.5 exposure and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. This body of evidence has grown and been strengthened substantially since the first American Heart Association scientific statement was published. Finally, PM 2.5 exposure is deemed a modifiable factor that contributes to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. (Circulation. 2010;121:2331-2378.)

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“…PM dikategorikan secara luas menurut diameter aerodinamisnya yaitu fine particle (<2,5µm [PM2.5]) dan ultrafine (<0,1µm [UFP], yang kebanyakan berasal dari gas diesel serta coarse particle (2,5 sampai 10µm [PM10-2,5]), yang berasal dari proses penghancuran dan pengasahan suatu permukaan benda. 3 Mekanisme PM dalam menimbulkan dampak terhadap kesehatan adalah menginduksi efek proinflamasi sel target, seperti sel endothel, makrofag, dan sel epitel melalui pembentukan reactive oxygen species (ROS) dan stres oksidatif. Efek prooksidatif ini dipicu oleh molekul-molekul organik siklus redoks dan metal transisi yang terdapat pada permukaan partikel.…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

EFEK EKSTRAK KACANG TUNGGAK (Vigna unguiculata) TERHADAP KADAR SUPEROKSIDA DISMUTASE (SOD) SERUM TIKUS GALUR WISTAR (Rattus norvegicus) YANG DIPAPAR DENGAN ASAP MESIN BERBAHAN BAKAR BENSIN

Kusumaningrum¹,

Prijadi²,

Widodo³

2017

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AbstrakEmisi kendaraan bermotor mengandung komponen particulate matter (PM) yang memiliki efek proinflamasi melalui pembentukan reactive oxygen species (ROS). Peningkatan ROS akan berdampak pada stres oksidatif yang menyebabkan penurunan kadar antioksidan. Kacang tunggak mengandung senyawa genistein yang dapat bekerja sebagai antioksidan sehingga mampu mencegah terjadinya stres oksidatif akibat paparan asap. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan pengaruh pemberian ekstrak kacang tunggak terhadap kadar SOD serum pada tikus Wistar. Studi eksperimental ini menggunakan post test only control group design. Sebanyak tiga puluh enam tikus Wistar jantan dibagi secara acak dalam 9 kelompok, terdiri dari kelompok kontrol negatif (N), kelompok yang diberi oksigen 4 menit (N+O4), kelompok yang diberi ekstrak kacang tunggak (N+G), kelompok yang diberi perlakuan asap 2, 3 dan 4 menit, masing-masing diberikan oksigen 4 menit tanpa ekstrak kacang tunggak (A2O4(-)G, A3O4(-)G, A4O4(-)G) dan dengan ekstrak kacang tunggak (A2O4(+)G, A3O4(+)G, A4O4(+)G). Pemaparan asap dilakukan setiap hari selama 30 hari. Variabel yang diukur pada penelitian ini adalah kadar SOD serum. Hasil uji ANOVA menunjukkan adanya perbedaan antar kelompok yang signifikan (p < 0,05). Hasil analisis statistik post hoc LSD menunjukkan bahwa kadar SOD serum kelompok tikus A2O4(+)G, A3O4(+)G, A4O4(+)G meningkat signifikan dibandingkan dengan kelompok tikus A2O4(-)G, A3O4(-)G, A4O4(-)G. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah ekstrak kacang tunggak dapat mencegah penurunan kadar SOD serum tikus wistar yang dipapar asap mesin berbahan bakar bensin Kata Kunci: asap mesin berbahan bakar bensin, kacang tunggak, particulate matter (PM), superoksida dismutase. THE EFFECT OF COWPEA (Vigna unguiculata) EXTRACT ON SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE (SOD) SERUM OF WISTAR RATS (Rattus norvegicus) EXPOSED TO PETROL-FUELED ENGINE EXHAUST AbstractPetrol-fueled engine exhaust consisting of particulate matter exerts pro-inflammatory effects through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Excessive generation of ROS leads to oxidative stress causing antioxidant level to decrease. Cowpea contains genistein as an antioxidant, prevent oxidative stress after being exposed to petrol-fueled engine exhaust. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of cowpea extract on SOD serum in Wistar rat after being exposed to petrol-fueled engine exhaust. This study use post test only control group design. Thirty six male wistar rats were randomly selected and divided into nine groups, consisted of control negative group (N), normal + oxygen (N+O4), normal + cowpea extract (N+G), wistar rat with 2, 3, and 4 minutes exposure + oxygen without cowpea extract (

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Ultrafine particulate matter exposure augments ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice

Cited by 89 publications

References 67 publications

Coronary Artery Ligation and Intramyocardial Injection in a Murine Model of Infarction

Coronary Artery Ligation and Intramyocardial Injection in a Murine Model of Infarction

Particulate Matter Air Pollution and Cardiovascular Disease

EFEK EKSTRAK KACANG TUNGGAK (Vigna unguiculata) TERHADAP KADAR SUPEROKSIDA DISMUTASE (SOD) SERUM TIKUS GALUR WISTAR (Rattus norvegicus) YANG DIPAPAR DENGAN ASAP MESIN BERBAHAN BAKAR BENSIN

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