Ultrafine particles in urban ambient air and their health perspectives

Kumar, Sushil; Verma, Mukesh; Srivastava, A. K.

doi:10.1515/reveh-2013-0008

Cited by 51 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…Diesel and automobile exhausts are the primary sources of atmospheric nano- and micro-particles in urban areas 31. Most particles from vehicle exhaust are in the size range 20-130 nm for diesel engines and 20-60 nm for gasoline engines 323334353637.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of TiO₂Nanoparticles on Inflammasome-Mediated Airway Inflammation and Responsiveness

Kim

Lee

et al. 2017

Allergy Asthma Immunol Res

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PurposeNanoparticles (NPs) may cause cell and tissue damage, leading to local and systemic inflammatory responses and adverse effects on health due to the inhalation of particulate matter. The inflammasome is a major regulator of inflammation through its activation of pro-caspase-1, which cleaves pro-interleukin-1β (pro-IL-1β) into its mature form and may induce acute and chronic immune responses to NPs. However, little is known about the response of the inflammasome to NP exposure via the airways in asthma. The aim of this study was to identify the impact of titanium dioxide (TiO2) NPs on inflammasome in a mouse model of allergic asthma.MethodsMice were treated with ovalbumin (OVA) or TiO2 NPs. IL-1β, IL-18, NAIP, CIITA, HET-E, TP-2 (NACHT), leucine-rich repeat (LRR), pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3), and caspase-1 were assessed by Western blotting. Caspase-1 was assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS)—as markers of oxidative damage—and the mediators 8-isoprostane and carbonyl were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).ResultsAirway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and inflammation were increased in OVA-sensitized/challenged mice, and these responses were exacerbated by exposure to TiO2 NPs. NP treatment increased IL-1β and IL-18 expression in OVA-sensitized/challenged mice. NPs augmented the expression of NLRP3 and caspase-1, leading to production of active caspase-1 in the lung. Caspase-1 expression was increased and exacerbated by TiO2 NP exposure in OVA-sensitized/challenged mice. ROS levels tended to be increased in OVA-sensitized/challenged and OVA-sensitized/challenged-plus-TiO2 NP-exposed mice.ConclusionsOur data demonstrated that inflammasome activation occured in asthmatic lungs following NP exposure, suggesting that targeting the inflammasome may assist in controling NP-induced airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of TiO₂Nanoparticles on Inflammasome-Mediated Airway Inflammation and Responsiveness

Kim

Lee

et al. 2017

Allergy Asthma Immunol Res

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“…3–9 Moreover, experimental evidence suggests that UFP may be more dangerous than PM 10 and PM 2.5 due to their chemical composition, small size, large surface area/mass ratio, capability of generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), high retention rate, and deep penetration in the respiratory system. 10, 11 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A work group report on ultrafine particles (American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology): Why ambient ultrafine and engineered nanoparticles should receive special attention for possible adverse health outcomes in human subjects

Georas

Alexis

et al. 2016

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

216

136

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Ultrafine particles are airborne particulates of less than 100 nm in aerodynamic diameter. Examples of ultrafine particles are diesel exhaust particles, products of cooking, heating and wood burning in indoor environments, and more recently, products generated through the use of nanotechnology. Studies have shown that ambient ultrafine particles have detrimental effects on both the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, including a higher incidence of atherosclerosis and the exacerbation rate of asthma. Ultrafine particles have been found to alter in vitro and in vivo responses of the immune system to allergens and may also play a role in allergen sensitization. The inflammatory properties of ultrafine particles may be mediated by a number of different mechanisms, including the ability to produce reactive oxygen species, leading to the generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and airway inflammation. In addition, because of their small size, ultrafine particles also have unique distribution characteristics in the respiratory tree and circulation and may be able to alter cellular function in ways that circumvent normal signaling pathways. Additionally, ultrafine particles can penetrate intracellularly and potentially cause DNA damage. The recent advances in nanotechnology, while opening up new opportunities for the advancement of technology and medicine, could also lead to unforeseen adverse health effects in exposed humans. Further research is needed to clarify the safety of nanoscale particles, as well as the elucidation of the possible beneficial use of these particulates to treat disease.

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“…Regarding the UFP sources, it has been demonstrated that the major contributors to UFP air pollution are anthropogenic emissions, such as combustion engines and power plants [5]. In particular, scientific literature evidences that, in urban areas, UFPs mostly derive from diesel and automobile exhaust [11,12,13]. Thus, it is fundamental to monitor UFP traffic-emissions in order to assess human exposure and to evaluate the related health risks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pedestrians in Traffic Environments: Ultrafine Particle Respiratory Doses

Manigrasso

Natale

Vitali

et al. 2017

IJERPH

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Particulate matter has recently received more attention than other pollutants. PM10 and PM2.5 have been primarily monitored, whereas scientists are focusing their studies on finer granulometric sizes due both to their high number concentration and their high penetration efficiency into the respiratory system. The purpose of this study is to investigate the population exposure to UltraFine Particles (UFP, submicrons in general) in outdoor environments. The particle number doses deposited into the respiratory system have been compared between healthy individuals and persons affected by Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Measurements were performed by means of Dust Track and Nanoscan analyzers. Forty minute walking trails through areas with different traffic densities in downtown Rome have been considered. Furthermore, particle respiratory doses have been estimated for persons waiting at a bus stop, near a traffic light, or along a high-traffic road, as currently occurs in a big city. Large differences have been observed between workdays and weekdays: on workdays, UFP number concentrations are much higher due to the strong contribution of vehicular exhausts. COPD-affected individuals receive greater doses than healthy individuals due to their higher respiratory rate.

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Ultrafine particles in urban ambient air and their health perspectives

Cited by 51 publications

References 92 publications

Effect of TiO₂Nanoparticles on Inflammasome-Mediated Airway Inflammation and Responsiveness

Effect of TiO₂Nanoparticles on Inflammasome-Mediated Airway Inflammation and Responsiveness

A work group report on ultrafine particles (American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology): Why ambient ultrafine and engineered nanoparticles should receive special attention for possible adverse health outcomes in human subjects

Pedestrians in Traffic Environments: Ultrafine Particle Respiratory Doses

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Ultrafine particles in urban ambient air and their health perspectives

Cited by 51 publications

References 92 publications

Effect of TiO2Nanoparticles on Inflammasome-Mediated Airway Inflammation and Responsiveness

Effect of TiO2Nanoparticles on Inflammasome-Mediated Airway Inflammation and Responsiveness

A work group report on ultrafine particles (American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology): Why ambient ultrafine and engineered nanoparticles should receive special attention for possible adverse health outcomes in human subjects

Pedestrians in Traffic Environments: Ultrafine Particle Respiratory Doses

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Effect of TiO₂Nanoparticles on Inflammasome-Mediated Airway Inflammation and Responsiveness

Effect of TiO₂Nanoparticles on Inflammasome-Mediated Airway Inflammation and Responsiveness