Ultrafine particles and PM2.5 in the air of cities around the world: Are they representative of each other?

Jesus, Alma Lorelei de; Rahman, Mahmudur; Mazaheri, Mandana; Thompson, M. Helen; Knibbs, Luke D.; Jeong, Cheol–Heon; Evans, Greg J.; Nei, Wei; Ding, Aijun; Qiao, Liping; Li, Li; Portin, Harri; Niemi, Jarkko V.; Timonen, Hilkka; Luoma, Krista; Petäj̈ä, Tuukka; Kulmala, Markku; Kowalski, Michał; Peters, Annette; Cyrys, Josef; Ferrero, Luca; Manigrasso, Maurizio; Avino, Pasquale; Buonano, Giorgio; Reche, Cristina; Querol, Xavier; Beddows, D. C. S.; Harrison, Roy M.; Sowlat, Mohammad H.; Sioutas, Constantinos; Morawska, Lidia

doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.05.021

Cited by 122 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 118 publications

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“…PM 0.1 and PM 2.5 are not well correlated; the ratio of the particle number-to-mass ratio was found to be highest at roadside sites (indicating a prominence of PM 0.1 ) and lowest in polluted cities (indicating a prominence of PM 2.5 ). Regulating PM 2.5 may not significantly reduce PM 0.1 12 .…”

Section: Numbers Of Particlesmentioning

confidence: 96%

The health effects of ultrafine particles

2020

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Ultrafine particles (PM 0.1), which are present in the air in large numbers, pose a health risk. They generally enter the body through the lungs but translocate to essentially all organs. Compared to fine particles (PM 2.5), they cause more pulmonary inflammation and are retained longer in the lung. Their toxicity is increased with smaller size, larger surface area, adsorbed surface material, and the physical characteristics of the particles. Exposure to PM 0.1 induces cough and worsens asthma. Metal fume fever is a systemic disease of lung inflammation most likely caused by PM 0.1. The disease is manifested by systemic symptoms hours after exposure to metal fumes, usually through welding. PM 0.1 cause systemic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and coagulation changes that predispose individuals to ischemic cardiovascular disease and hypertension. PM 0.1 are also linked to diabetes and cancer. PM 0.1 can travel up the olfactory nerves to the brain and cause cerebral and autonomic dysfunction. Moreover, in utero exposure increases the risk of low birthweight. Although exposure is commonly attributed to traffic exhaust, monitored students in Ghana showed the highest exposures in a home near a trash burning site, in a bedroom with burning coils employed to abate mosquitos, in a home of an adult smoker, and in home kitchens during domestic cooking. The high point-source production and rapid redistribution make incidental exposure common, confound general population studies and are compounded by the lack of global standards and national reporting. The potential for PM 0.1 to cause harm to health is great, but their precise role in many illnesses is still unknown and calls for more research.

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Section: Numbers Of Particlesmentioning

confidence: 96%

The health effects of ultrafine particles

2020

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“…Correlation between PM 2.5 concentration and particle number concentration in each mode on the NPF event days (green dots) and the haze days (gray dots) separately. The time resolution of the data points was 1 h. ported secondary aerosols, Aitken mode particles mainly originate from local emissions such as traffic and cooking in Beijing (Wu et al, 2007;Du et al, 2017;de Jesus et al, 2019). Table 2a and b as well as Fig.…”

Section: Connection With Pm 25mentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation of size-segregated particle number concentrations in wintertime Beijing

et al. 2020

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Abstract. The spatial and temporal variability of the number size distribution of aerosol particles is an indicator of the dynamic behavior of Beijing's atmospheric pollution cocktail. This variation reflects the strength of different primary and secondary sources, such as traffic and new particle formation, as well as the main processes affecting the particle population. In this paper, we report size-segregated particle number concentrations observed at a newly developed Beijing station during the winter of 2018. Our measurements covered particle number size distributions over the diameter range of 1.5 nm–1 µm (cluster mode, nucleation mode, Aitken mode and accumulation mode), thus being descriptive of a major fraction of the processes taking place in the atmosphere of Beijing. Here we focus on explaining the concentration variations in the observed particle modes, by relating them to the potential aerosol sources and sinks, and on understanding the connections between these modes. We considered haze days and new particle formation event days separately. Our results show that during the new particle formation (NPF) event days increases in cluster mode particle number concentration were observed, whereas during the haze days high concentrations of accumulation mode particles were present. There was a tight connection between the cluster mode and nucleation mode on both NPF event and haze days. In addition, we correlated the particle number concentrations in different modes with concentrations of trace gases and other parameters measured at our station. Our results show that the particle number concentration in all the modes correlated with NOx, which reflects the contribution of traffic to the whole submicron size range. We also estimated the contribution of ion-induced nucleation in Beijing, and we found this contribution to be negligible.

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“…Epidemiological analyses show a relationship between UFP number concentration and both myocardial infarction [89] and cardiopulmonary health [90], although other papers report no or limited associations of UFP number concentration with health diseases [91,92] or mortality [93]. These differences may be related to the time lag between exposure to UFP and health status assessment, or to differences in the chemical properties/sources of measured UFP [94,95]. It is therefore straightforward to understand the request made by several authors to implement real-world exposure protocols for toxicological models relevant to PM and UFP [96,97].…”

Section: Ultrafine Pmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fifteen Years of Airborne Particulates in Vitro Toxicology in Milano: Lessons and Perspectives Learned

Longhin

Mantecca

Gualtieri

2020

IJMS

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Air pollution is one of the world’s leading environmental causes of death. The epidemiological relationship between outdoor air pollution and the onset of health diseases associated with death is now well established. Relevant toxicological proofs are now dissecting the molecular processes that cause inflammation, reactive species generation, and DNA damage. In addition, new data are pointing out the role of airborne particulates in the modulation of genes and microRNAs potentially involved in the onset of human diseases. In the present review we collect the relevant findings on airborne particulates of one of the biggest hot spots of air pollution in Europe (i.e., the Po Valley), in the largest urban area of this region, Milan. The different aerodynamic fractions are discussed separately with a specific focus on fine and ultrafine particles that are now the main focus of several studies. Results are compared with more recent international findings. Possible future perspectives of research are proposed to create a new discussion among scientists working on the toxicological effects of airborne particles.

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Ultrafine particles and PM2.5 in the air of cities around the world: Are they representative of each other?

Cited by 122 publications

References 118 publications

The health effects of ultrafine particles

The health effects of ultrafine particles

Variation of size-segregated particle number concentrations in wintertime Beijing

Fifteen Years of Airborne Particulates in Vitro Toxicology in Milano: Lessons and Perspectives Learned

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