Ultrafine particle emissions from a smouldering cigarette in a residence and its associated lung cancer risk

Abstract

After smoking bans were enforced in most public spaces, residences became the major places for exposure to secondhand smoke. Since cigarette smoke contains mainly submicron and ultrafine particles (UFPs), the harmful effects of the particles in cigarette smoke might be correlated more with number and surface area concentrations of UFPs instead of their mass concentration. To assess these harmful effects, we investigated the size distribution of particles (20 nm to 600 nm) released from sidestream smoke. An experiment was carried out in a two-zone house which was divided into smoking and non-smoking areas. Particle concentrations were measured in both zones and the exposure doses of people in both zones were calculated. The lung cancer risk of UFPs was then analysed by a modified surface area-based risk assessment scheme, which was found to be much closer to the incidence rate of lung cancer. In most of the studied scenarios, the excess lifetime cancer risks to non-smoker occupants exceeded an acceptable level. Although closing a door separating the two zones is a common isolation measure, adequate protection for the non-smokers cannot be achieved unless sufficient ventilation in the smoking zone is provided.

Study on Influencing Factors and Control Strategies of Surgical Smoke Concentration Distribution

“…The small-scale circulating purification and dust removal system was designed to form an air curtain above the operating bed to prevent the operation smoke from being emitted to the surrounding environment (the doctor's respiratory zone) and to capture the surgical smoke particles as quickly as possible (Nikaeen et al, 2018;Wu et al, 2019). According to the previous results,…”

Particle detachment due to wheel rotation

“…6,7 Copious particles could influence the increase in the cellular uptake due to the higher predicted deposition rates in alveolar regions and deeper lung penetration. 8,9 Therefore, they are harmful to the health of people in particular to their respiratory and circulatory systems of people such as pedestrians and workers who are exposed to these particles in their environments. 10,11 The exploration of particle detachment due to wheel rotation is important and helpful to develop intervention methods and would be instructive to improve the environment.…”

Distribution characteristics and source analysis of metal elements in indoor PM2.5 in high-rise buildings during heating season in Northeast China

“…Therefore, it is particularly important to study the presence of heavy metals in PM 2.5 in high-rise residential buildings. [23][24][25] Changchun is located in the hinterland of Northeast China. Due to the large-scale enterprises such as vehicle production, metal smelting, pharmaceuticals and human activities, the urban area of Changchun has been polluted by heavy metals to a certain extent.…”

“…Therefore, it is particularly important to study the presence of heavy metals in PM 2.5 in high-rise residential buildings. 23–25…”