Ultrafine particle deposition in subjects with asthma.

Chalupa, David; Morrow, Paul E.; Oberdörster, Günter; Utell, Mark J.; Frampton, Mark W.

doi:10.1289/ehp.6851

Cited by 294 publications

(175 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Similar increases in personal UFP exposures have also been associated with decreased heart rate variability among subjects with impaired lung function (Chan et al, 2004). Indeed, the impact of UFP exposures may be most troubling for individuals suffering from asthma or obstructive pulmonary diseases as pulmonary deposition is greatest for these individuals (Brown et al, 2002;Chalupa et al, 2004;Frampton et al, 2004). However, UFP exposures are also a concern for healthy subjects as recent findings suggest that traffic-related UFP exposures may lead to oxidative DNA damage (Vinzents et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Determinants of ultrafine particle exposures in transportation environments: findings of an 8-month survey conducted in Montréal, Canada

Weichenthal

Dufresne

Infante‐Rivard

et al. 2008

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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An 8-month sampling campaign was conducted in Montre´al, Canada to explore determinants of ultrafine particle (UFP) exposures in transportation environments and to develop models to predict such exposures. Between April and November 2006, UFP (0.02-1 mm) count exposure data were collected for one researcher during 80 morning and evening commutes including a 0.5-km walk, a 3-km bus ride, and a 26-km automobile ride in each direction. Ambient temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, and wind speed/direction data were collected for each transit period and the positions of bus and automobile windows were recorded. Mixing heights were also estimated. Morning UFP exposures were significantly greater than those in the evening, with the highest levels observed in the automobile and the lowest while walking. Wind speed and mixing height were highly correlated, and as a result only wind speed was considered in multivariable models owing to the accessibility of quantitative hourly monitoring data. In these models, each 101C increase in morning temperature was associated with decreases of 14,560/cm 3 (95% CI ¼ 11,111 to 18,020), 8160/cm 3 (95% CI ¼ 5060 to 11,260), and 11,310/ cm 3 (95% CI ¼ 6820 to 15,810) for UFP exposures in walk, bus, and automobile environments, respectively. Likewise, each 10-km/h increase in morning wind speed corresponded to decreases of 8252/cm 3 (95% CI ¼ 5130 to 11,360), 6210/cm 3 (95% CI ¼ 3420 to 9000), and 6350/cm 3 (95% CI ¼ 2440 to 10,260) for UFP exposures in walk, bus, and automobile environments, respectively. Similar trends were observed in the evening hours. In an evaluation of model performance, moderate correlations were observed between measured and predicted UFP exposures on new bus (r ¼ 0.65) and automobile (r ¼ 0.77) routes. Further research is required to incorporate variables such as traffic density and vehicle ventilation settings into the models presented.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Determinants of ultrafine particle exposures in transportation environments: findings of an 8-month survey conducted in Montréal, Canada

Weichenthal

Dufresne

Infante‐Rivard

et al. 2008

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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“…These values correspond to the averages for the adult group in this study. The experimental studies referred to in (b) are Montoya et al (2004), Kim et al (2006), Giacomelli-Maltoni et al (1972), Rissler et al (2012), Chalupa et al (2004), Daigle et al (2003), Heyder et al (1982), Bennett et al (1996), and Brown et al (2002). When data for different breathing patterns were available, the data with the breathing patterns closest to that in the present study was used (Kim et al, 2006).…”

Section: Comparison Of Df With Previous Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most measurements of the deposition of inhaled particles have been carried out on healthy (male) adults, but some also include children (Becquemin et al, 1991;Schiller et al, 1992;Schiller-Scotland et al, 1994;Bennett and Zeman, 1998;Smith et al, 2001;Bennett and Zeman, 2004;Isaacs and Martonen, 2005;Olvera et al, 2012), elderly people (Kim et al, 1988;Bennett et al, 1996;Kim and Jaques, 2005), and patients with airway diseases (e.g., Kim et al, 1988;Schiller-Scotland et al, 1996;Bennett et al, 1997;Brown et al, 2002;Chalupa et al, 2004;Möller et al, 2008;Löndahl et al, 2012). The studies are not fully conclusive, but several of them report an increased respiratory tract deposition for patients with lung diseases and for children.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Set-up for Respiratory Tract Deposition Efficiency Measurements (15-5000 nm) and First Results for a Group of Children and Adults

Rissler

Nicklasson

Gudmundsson³

et al. 2017

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Exposure to airborne particulate matter is associated with a number of negative health effects ranging from respiratory diseases to systemic effects and cancer. One important factor for understanding the health effects is the individual variation in the respiratory tract deposition of inhaled particles. In this study, we describe an experimental set-up for size-resolved measurements of the lung deposited fraction of airborne particles, covering the diameter range from 15 to 5000 nm. The set-up includes a system for generating a stable aerosol with a sufficiently broad size distribution. We used a scanning mobility particle sizer and an aerodynamic particle sizer to determine particle number and size. The set-up was used to investigate individual differences in the deposition fraction (DF) of particles in the respiratory tract for a group of 67 subjects of both sexes aged 7-70 years. The measured DF was applied to two model aerosols, one representing an urban environment and one a rural environment, and the particle deposition rates were derived (i.e., the deposited amount of particles per unit time). Furthermore, the deposition rates were normalized to lung surface area and body mass -two dose measures that are considered relevant for the health effects of airborne particles. In addition to validation of the set-up, we show that there is a large individual variation in DF, with some subjects having a DF that is more than twice as high as that of others. Although we observe differences in the DF between different subgroups, most individual variation was explained neither by age nor by gender. When normalizing the deposition rates to lung surface area or body mass, the deposition rates of children become significantly higher than those of adults. Furthermore, the individual variability is larger for the lung surface area or body mass normalized deposition rates than for DF.

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“…People with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease may be particularly susceptible to the respiratory effects of UFPs, as deposition is greater in these individuals (Brown et al, 2002;Chalupa et al, 2004). Indeed, ambient UFP concentrations have been associated with a decrease in peak expiratory flow rate (Peters et al, 1997;Penttinen et al, 2001) as well as wheezing, shortness of breath, and cough in asthmatic adult populations (Von Klot et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indoor ultrafine particle exposures and home heating systems: A cross-sectional survey of Canadian homes during the winter months

Weichenthal

Dufresne

Infante‐Rivard

et al. 2006

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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Exposure to airborne particulate matter has a negative effect on respiratory health in both children and adults. Ultrafine particle (UFP) exposures are of particular concern owing to their enhanced ability to cause oxidative stress and inflammation in the lungs. In this investigation, our objective was to examine the contribution of home heating systems (electric baseboard heaters, wood stoves, forced-air oil/natural gas furnace) to indoor UFP exposures. We conducted a cross-sectional survey in 36 homes in the cities of Montre´al, Que´bec, and Pembroke, Ontario. Real-time measures of indoor UFP concentrations were collected in each home for approximately 14 h, and an outdoor UFP measurement was collected outside each home before indoor sampling. A home-characteristic questionnaire was also administered, and air exchange rates were estimated using carbon dioxide as a tracer gas. Average UFP exposures of 21,594 cm À3 (95% confidence interval (CI): 14,014, 29,174) and 6660 cm À3 (95% CI: 4339, 8982) were observed for the evening (1600-2400) and overnight (2400-0800) hours, respectively. In an unadjusted comparison, overnight baseline UFP exposures were significantly greater in homes with electric baseboard heaters as compared to homes using forced-air oil or natural gas furnaces, and homes using wood stoves had significantly greater overnight baseline UFP exposures than homes using forced-air natural gas furnaces. However, in multivariate models, electric oven use (b ¼ 12,253 cm À3 , 95% CI: 3524, 20,982), indoor relative humidity (b ¼ 1136 cm À3 %, 95% CI: 372, 1899), and indoor smoking (b ¼ 18,192 cm À3 , 95% CI: 2073, 34,311) were the only significant determinants of mean indoor UFP exposure, whereas air exchange rate (b ¼ 4351 cm À3 h À1 , 95% CI: 1507, 7195) and each 10,000 cm À3 increase in outdoor UFPs (b ¼ 811 cm À3 , 95% CI: 244,1377) were the only significant determinants of overnight baseline UFP exposures. In general, our findings suggest that home heating systems are not important determinants of indoor UFP exposures.

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Ultrafine particle deposition in subjects with asthma.

Cited by 294 publications

References 23 publications

Determinants of ultrafine particle exposures in transportation environments: findings of an 8-month survey conducted in Montréal, Canada

Determinants of ultrafine particle exposures in transportation environments: findings of an 8-month survey conducted in Montréal, Canada

A Set-up for Respiratory Tract Deposition Efficiency Measurements (15-5000 nm) and First Results for a Group of Children and Adults

Indoor ultrafine particle exposures and home heating systems: A cross-sectional survey of Canadian homes during the winter months

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