The method of severe plastic deformation by torsion is widely used for research purposes due to the ability to observe structural and phase changes under critical conditions for a material. A significant refinement of the structure and an increase in the strength of materials occurs already at the first stages of deformation processing by SPD methods. It is known that reversible torsion allows materials to be hardened more efficiently. It should be noted that the reverse torsion work was carried out mainly at full turns. In this work, the analysis of structural changes with the number of turns less than 1 is carried out both with the use of reverse torsion and without it. Technically pure copper was selected as the research material. It was established that reverse torsion makes it possible to refine the structure more efficiently in comparison with unidirectional torsion, which is associated with a change in the vector of acting shear stresses. The main grinding occurs already after a 1/4 turn, the average size of the structural components is 95 ± 10 nm. With successive deformation along 1/4 of the cycle, it leads to a higher average value of the size of the structural elements than with reverse torsion. An analysis of the CSR and the lattice parameter showed that with an increase in the degree of deformation, an increase in the CSR and a decrease in the lattice parameter occur, which allows us to conclude that with an increase in the degree of deformation, some relaxation of the structure occurs.