Ultrafast Solvent-Assisted Sodium Ion Intercalation into Highly Crystalline Few-Layered Graphene

Cohn, Adam P.; Share, Keith; Carter, Rachel; Oakes, Landon; Pint, Cary L.

doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b04187

Cited by 193 publications

(173 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…In an effort to utilize graphite anodes, some groups have proposed the co-intercalation of Na and the solvent in graphite, forming ternary Na-solvent-graphite compounds. [333][334][335]468,469 ] Nevertheless, the following challenges remain. (i) The low specifi c capacity and high intercalation voltage will lead to low gravimetric/volumetric energies in full cell systems.…”

Section: Challenges and Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress in Electrode Materials for Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Kim

Zhang

et al. 2016

Advanced Energy Materials

864

595

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Grid‐scale energy storage systems (ESSs) that can connect to sustainable energy resources have received great attention in an effort to satisfy ever‐growing energy demands. Although recent advances in Li‐ion battery (LIB) technology have increased the energy density to a level applicable to grid‐scale ESSs, the high cost of Li and transition metals have led to a search for lower‐cost battery system alternatives. Based on the abundance and accessibility of Na and its similar electrochemistry to the well‐established LIB technology, Na‐ion batteries (NIBs) have attracted significant attention as an ideal candidate for grid‐scale ESSs. Since research on NIB chemistry resurged in 2010, various positive and negative electrode materials have been synthesized and evaluated for NIBs. Nonetheless, studies on NIB chemistry are still in their infancy compared with LIB technology, and further improvements are required in terms of energy, power density, and electrochemical stability for commercialization. Most recent progress on electrode materials for NIBs, including the discovery of new electrode materials and their Na storage mechanisms, is briefly reviewed. In addition, efforts to enhance the electrochemical properties of NIB electrode materials as well as the challenges and perspectives involving these materials are discussed.

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Section: Challenges and Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress in Electrode Materials for Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Kim

Zhang

et al. 2016

Advanced Energy Materials

864

595

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“…Its enhanced broadening involves a structural modification of the interlayer spacing to allow sodium diffusion. Recently, Cohn et al 51 showed stable capacity of ca. 150 mA h g −1 , suggesting a stoichiometry of Na(Diglyme) x C 15 , that is in agreement with previous reports on chemically derived stage 1 Na + ternary graphite intercalation compounds (GICs).…”

Section: Gsm-b Gsm-br G Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Reliability of Sodium Co-Intercalation in Expanded Graphite Prepared by Different Methods as Anodes for Sodium-Ion Batteries

Cabello

Bai

Chyrka

et al. 2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Recent improvements of sodium ion batteries have been achieved by the use of graphitic carbon as an anode and glyme-based electrolytes. In this work, expanded graphites are prepared by thermal expansion, Broddie and Hummer's modified methods. Their structural, morphological and electrochemical properties are compared with those of the original natural graphite. XRD patterns, XPS and Raman spectra corroborate the presence of graphite oxide intermediates and reveal different reduced forms of expanded graphite which can affect the sodium insertion properties. The use of sodium triflate in diglyme enhanced the electrochemical performance in terms of delivering a flat plateau at ca. 0.65 and 0.55 V in discharge/charge cycles. The thermally expanded graphite increased the capacity and efficiency from 100 to 115 mA h g −1 and from 93 to 96% over 100 cycles when cycled at C rate as compared to natural graphite. Ex-situ XRD patterns reveal the presence of new set of reflections ascribable to sodium ordering in different stages as evidenced by the calculated Patterson diagrams. The new results described here would account for development of carbon-based material and their prospects and challenges for sodium ion battery anodes. The sodium intercalation into graphite is still one of the most interesting and unusual in the solid state chemistry of intercalation compounds. Neither ionic nor hard sphere model theory explains why the liquid phase interaction of molten sodium with graphite provides only high-stage compositions.1,2 This effect contrasts with that for other alkali metals, 3 in which first-stage graphite intercalation compounds (GICs) can be easily obtained. Udod suggested that the discrepancy between the size of sodium atoms and the distances between potential minima in the graphite sheet causes the absence of low-stage Na-GICs. 4 Graphite has a long-range-ordered layered structure where Li + ion can be easily intercalated between the graphene layers by electrochemical means. The main lithium insertion reaction occurs at a flat plateau around 0.2 V, and the capacity is 372 mA h g −1 . 5,6 Unlike, the graphite anode does not intercalate sodium to any appreciable extent. The galvanostatic curves during the full sodiation/desodiation shows a monotonic voltage curves, which capacity is lower than 35 mA h g −1 . 7,8 This normally refers to the standard electrolytes that are based on organic carbonates (EC ethylene carbonate, DMC dimethylcarbonate) and lithium salts (LiPF 6 ) or sodium salts (NaPF 6 ).In the search for alternative secondary batteries that will replace lithium ion batteries (LIBs), sodium ion batteries (SIBs) have received attention due to the following reasons: (i) abundance of sodium sources (it is the 4 th most abundant element in the earth crust), (ii) the low cost of sodium compared to lithium, especially for largescale electric storage applications, and (iii) the similar chemistry of sodium and lithium.9 So far, several issues have scoffed at the optimal performance of graphite anodes at both lithi...

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“…11,[38][39][40] However, these materials still have limitations such as low capacity, poor rate capability, rapid capacity fade and complex preparation process.…”

Section: -37mentioning

confidence: 99%

SnS/C nanocomposites for high-performance sodium ion battery anodes

Jin

Huang

et al. 2018

RSC Adv.

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Sodium-ion batteries have been considered as one of the most promising types of batteries, beyond lithium-ion batteries, for large-scale energy storage applications. However, their deployment hinges on the development of new anode materials, since it has been shown that many important anode materials employed in lithium ion batteries, such as graphite and silicon, are inadequate for sodium-ion batteries.We have simply prepared novel SnS/C nanocomposites through a top-down approach as anode materials for sodium-ion batteries. Their electrochemical performance has been significantly improved when compared to bare SnS, especially in terms of cycling stability and rate capabilities. SnS/C nanocomposites exhibit excellent capacity retention, at various current rates, and deliver capacities as high as 400 mA h g À1 even at the high current density of 800 mA g À1 (2C). Ex situ transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and operando X-ray absorption near edge structure studies have been performed in order to unravel the reaction mechanism of the SnS/C nanocomposites.

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Ultrafast Solvent-Assisted Sodium Ion Intercalation into Highly Crystalline Few-Layered Graphene

Cited by 193 publications

References 43 publications

Recent Progress in Electrode Materials for Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Recent Progress in Electrode Materials for Sodium‐Ion Batteries

On the Reliability of Sodium Co-Intercalation in Expanded Graphite Prepared by Different Methods as Anodes for Sodium-Ion Batteries

SnS/C nanocomposites for high-performance sodium ion battery anodes

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