Ultrafast Removal of Cadmium(II) by Green Cyclodextrin Metal–Organic‐Framework‐Based Nanoporous Carbon: Adsorption Mechanism and Application

Abstract

Water contaminated with heavy metals has been identified as a significant threat to human health. Therefore, the development of safe and rapid water‐treatment techniques is necessary. We have synthesized an eco‐friendly γ‐cyclodextrin metal–organic framework (MOF)‐based nanoporous carbon (γ‐CD MOF‐NPC) material, conducted a comprehensive characterization of it, and found its rapid and effective CdII‐removal capacity. The γ‐CD MOF‐NPC could effectively sequester a majority of cadmium ions within one minute, and it still demonstrated excellent adsorption ability under various conditions, including different pH, adsorbent dosage, and coexistent ions. The maximum adsorption capacity was calculated to be 140.85 mg g−1 by means of the Langmuir model. The adsorption was primarily due to the effect of ion exchange of oxygen‐containing functional groups, as determined by studying the ζ potential and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Flow‐through experiments further proved the rapid CdII‐removal capacity and potential of the practical application of γ‐CD MOF‐NPC in water treatment according to the cytotoxic data.

Hierarchical porous carbon derived from green cyclodextrin metal‐organic framework and its application in microwave absorption

“…The unique porous texture and inherent alkaline metal elements allow CD‐MOF showing great potential for porous carbon fabrication 18,20,21 . Actually Liu group 22,23 has prepared porous carbons using β‐CD‐MOF and γ‐CD‐MOF, respectively, and applied these CD‐MOF‐derived porous carbons as efficient pollutants adsorbent. But the hierarchically porous properties of these carbons and the correlation between the structure and the prepared conditions have not been sufficiently investigated yet 22,23 .…”

“…Actually Liu group 22,23 has prepared porous carbons using β‐CD‐MOF and γ‐CD‐MOF, respectively, and applied these CD‐MOF‐derived porous carbons as efficient pollutants adsorbent. But the hierarchically porous properties of these carbons and the correlation between the structure and the prepared conditions have not been sufficiently investigated yet 22,23 . Therefore, the potential beneficial effects of hierarchically pores on the applications of CD‐MOF derived HPC have not been studied.…”

Kinetic studies on the removal of cadmium using Acacia tortilis

“…It was observed that a 300‐rpm agitation rate yielded the maximum adsorption capacity, beyond which there was a decreasing trend. This is due to the accelerated mass transfer rate brought out by the effective contact between the sorbate and the active sites (Liu et al., 2019). At higher speed, adsorption becomes difficult due to vortex formation.…”

Recent Progress in Heavy Metal Ion Decontamination Based on Metal–Organic Frameworks

“…Recently, an eco-friendly γ-cyclodextrin MOF-based nanoporous carbon (γ-CD MOF-NPC) material was synthesized, exhibiting excellent adsorption performance and achieving over 90% of Cd 2+ removal within one minute [90]. The maximum adsorption capacity was calculated to be 140.85 mg g −1 .…”