Ultrafast quantum key distribution using fully parallelized quantum channels

Terhaar, Robin; Rödiger, Jasper; Häußler, Matthias; Wahl, Michael; Gehring, Helge; Wolff, Martin A.; Beutel, Fabian; Hartmann, Wladick; Walter, Nicolai; hanke, jonas; Peter, Hanne,; Walenta, Nino; diedrich, maximilian; Perlot, Nicolas; Tillmann, Max; Röhlicke, Tino; Ahangarianabhari, M.; Schuck, Carsten; Pernice, Wolfram H. P.

doi:10.1364/oe.469053

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Combining efficient fiber-chip interconnects, low loss waveguides and precise directional couplers with waveguideintegrated SNSPDs in large numbers [3] on a chip it is then possible to configure application specific quantum integrated circuits. We demonstrate such implementations for quantum key distribution receivers designed for time-bin encoding that reach more than 10 Mbit/s secret key rate in urban use cases [4]. The high degree of integration, not only of SNSPDs and nanophotonic circuits but also of cryogenic signal amplification and electrical periphery, allows to configure compact and transportable systems that are suitable for field deployment.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration of photonic integrated circuit functionalities with superconducting nanowire single photon detectors

Schuck

2024

Quantum Computing, Communication, and Simulation IV

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Superconducting Nanowire Single Photon Detectors (SNSPD) have set leading performance benchmarks in terms of detection efficiency, low noise operation, speed, and timing accuracy. Besides scaling up the numbers of individually addressable nanowire detector channels, integration with nanophotonic functionalities as well as optical and electrical multiplexing will be key to advance single photon counting applications, such as quantum key distribution, optical quantum information processing and simulations of sampling problems. Here we show how integration of SNSPDs with nanophotonic circuit components gives rise to novel use cases. We combine highperformance waveguide-integrated SNSPDs with nano-electromechanical phase-shifters, high speed electro-optic modulators, sub-wavelength grating structures, directional coupler networks, on-chip delay lines and highly efficient and broadband 3D-interconnects to optical fibers, achieving crucial active and passive functionalities for integrated quantum photonics. We showcase the capabilities and practical relevance of photonic integrated SNSPD solutions for the example of high-rate quantum key distribution receivers.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration of photonic integrated circuit functionalities with superconducting nanowire single photon detectors

Schuck

2024

Quantum Computing, Communication, and Simulation IV

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“…The receiver system is complete with 64-channel biasing electronics, an equal number of additional room temperature signal amplifiers and a time-correlate single photon counting system. In a field test [3], the receiver achieved 0.6 -3.2 Mbit/s secret key rate in back-to-back configuration on a subset of 9 channels with a quantum bit error rate of 0.3 -3.3%. Further we show how the functionality of waveguide-integrated SNSPDs can be extended to resolve photon numbers and for homodyne detection.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating large numbers of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors with nanophotonic waveguides

Schuck

2023

Integrated Optics: Devices, Materials, and Technologies XXVII

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Quantum technologies and optical sensors with ultimate sensitivity require efficient counting of single photons. Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors have set leading performance benchmarks in this regard but evolving from stand-alone fiber-coupled detectors to highly integrated receivers with large numbers of photonic channels and configurable optical functionalities has remained a challenge. Here we show how large numbers of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors with high detection efficiency and low timing jitter can be integrated with nanophotonic circuits. The latter allow for combining photon counting capabilities of superconducting nanowires with active and passive optical control functionalities, such as switching, phase shifting and photon number resolution, which we demonstrate for leading photonic integrated circuit platforms. Broadband optical interconnects produced in 3D direct laser writing enable competitive system detection efficiency, which we can reproduce in a receiver unit that integrates 64 individually addressable superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors. We show that the system is well-suited for massively parallelized quantum key distribution, achieving secret key generation rates beyond 10 Mbit/sec in a field test. Integrating large numbers of superconducting nanowire single photon detectors with optical waveguides on configurable nanophotonic chips offers a wide range of applications in quantum communication, information processing and sensing.

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“…This work has the potential to enable the fabrication of large-scale arrays of SNSPDs with high yield and uniform, consistent device performance, compatible with large scale hybrid integration for quantum photonics [44]. This improved thin film technology could have a profound effect on burgeoning SNSPD application areas including integrated receivers for multichannel quantum key distribution [45], satellite quantum key distribution receivers [46], large scale photonic quantum computing [47,48], superconducting optoelectronic circuits for neuromorphic computing [49], SNSPD receivers for single-photon LIDAR [50] and advanced SNSPD detectors for dark matter searches [51].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

High-uniformity atomic layer deposition of superconducting niobium nitride thin films for quantum photonic integration

Lennon,

Shu,

Brennan

et al. 2023

Mater. Quantum. Technol.

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Atomic layer deposition (ALD) has been identified as a promising growth method for high-uniformity superconducting thin films for superconducting quantum photonic applications, offering superior uniformity, thickness control and conformality to techniques such as reactive sputtering. The potential scalability of ALD makes this method especially appealing for fabrication of superconducting nanowires and resonators across large areas. We report on the growth of highly uniform superconducting NbN thin films via plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD) with radio frequency substrate biasing, on a 200 mm (8 inch) Si wafer, specifically for superconducting nanowire single-photon detector applications. Niobium nitride films were grown using (tert-butylimido)-tris(diethylamido)-niobium(V) precursor and an H2/Ar plasma. The superconducting properties of a variable thickness series of films (5.9–29.8 nm) show critical temperature (T c) of 13.5 K approaching bulk thickness (28.8 nm) with low suppression down to the ultrathin regime (5.9 nm), with T c = 10.2 K. T c across the 200 mm wafer with 8 nm thick NbN, measured in 15 mm intervals, exhibits minimal variation (<7%). Microbridge structures fabricated on 8 nm thick NbN films also exhibit high critical current densities (J c), > 10 MA cm−2 at 2.6 K. PEALD could therefore be a pivotal technique in enabling large-scale fabrication of integrated quantum photonic devices across a variety of applications.

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Ultrafast quantum key distribution using fully parallelized quantum channels

Cited by 13 publications

References 30 publications

Integration of photonic integrated circuit functionalities with superconducting nanowire single photon detectors

Integration of photonic integrated circuit functionalities with superconducting nanowire single photon detectors

Integrating large numbers of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors with nanophotonic waveguides

High-uniformity atomic layer deposition of superconducting niobium nitride thin films for quantum photonic integration

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