Ultrafast Polariton-Phonon Dynamics of Strongly Coupled Quantum Dot-Nanocavity Systems

Müller, Kai; Fischer, Kevin A.; Rundquist, Armand; Dory, Constantin; Lagoudakis, Konstantinos G.; Sarmiento, Tomás; Kelaita, Yousif A.; Borish, Victoria; Vučković, Jelena

doi:10.1103/physrevx.5.031006

Cited by 66 publications

(121 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Our metrics are competitive with the best values obtained from QDs so far [8,9,18,19]. The UP1 state lifetime in our experiment of 55 ps (measured at this detuning [31]) paves the way for on-chip generation rates over an order of magnitude faster than bulk QDs and slightly faster than those in micropillar resonators [18][19][20]. However, micropillar resonators are optimized for photon extraction leading to higher count rates and they also do not require spectral filtering.…”

Section: Figsupporting

confidence: 59%

“…1b) [30]. To achieve the strongest photon blockade in pulsed ondemand applications, the pulse length has to be chosen as a compromise that minimizes both re-excitation and resonance overlap [31].…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This can be achieved, for example, in bi-modal cavities and charge neutral QDs that have their symmetry axis different from the cavity and laser [26] or bi-modal cavities and charged QDs. Instead in photonic crystals, direct transmission of light through a strongly coupled QD-nanocavity system can generate a range of output quantum statistics [27][28][29][30][31]. However, the strongly dissipative nature of such systems has so far obscured the generation of indistinguishable photons.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Self-homodyne-enabled generation of indistinguishable photons

Müller

Fischer

Dory

et al. 2016

Optica

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The rapid generation of non-classical light serves as the foundation for exploring quantum optics and developing applications such as secure communication or generation of NOON-states. While strongly coupled quantum dot-photonic crystal resonator systems have great potential as non-classical light sources due to their promise of tailored output statistics, the generation of indistinguishable photons has been obscured due to the strongly dissipative nature of such systems. Here, we demonstrate that the recently discovered self-homodyne suppression technique can be used to overcome this limitation and tune the quantum statistics of transmitted light, achieving indistinguishable photon emission competitive with state-of-the-art metrics. Furthermore, our nanocavitybased platform directly lends itself to scalable on-chip architectures for quantum information.Understanding the interaction between light and matter is of paramount importance for exploring the peculiar properties of quantum optics and utilizing them for applications such as non-classical light generation with implications for communication, information processing and sensing [1][2][3][4][5]. In the solid-state, self-assembled quantum dots (QDs) are widely used as quantum emitters due to their strong interaction with light and ability to be integrated into nanophotonic resonators for enhanced light-matter interaction. Examples of quantum optical landmark experiments with QDs are the generation of indistinguishable photons [6][7][8][9][10][11], entangled photon pairs [12][13][14][15] and the observation of Mollow triplets [16,17].For off-chip applications a high photon-extraction efficiency is desirable, which can be achieved by embedding the QD into a resonator with strong vertical emission. For example, QDs have been embedded in micropillar cavities [6,7] that also Purcell enhance the emission rate for fast photon extraction. Utilizing resonant excitation of such structures, highly indistinguishable photon generation has recently been demonstrated [18][19][20]. Importantly, resonant excitation enables a high degree of indistinguishability due to the absence of excitation timing jitter and electric field noise that typically results from charge fluctuations in the semiconductor environment under non-resonant excitation [8,9].On the other hand, for on-chip applications photonic crystal resonators are promising. Their planar geometry naturally allows for coupling with on-chip structures, including waveguides and on-chip detectors [21,22] and hence holds promise to realize fully-integrated quantum † These authors contributed equally. optical hardware. Photonic crystal resonators provide extremely small mode volumes which enable a large enhancement of the light-matter interaction strength with embedded quantum emitters [23][24][25]. Importantly, in transmission geometries for on-chip resonant generation of non-classical light can not be achieved by resonantly exciting a QD weakly coupled to a resonator. Resonant excitation of a weakly coupled QD-resonator sys...

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confidence: 59%

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Self-homodyne-enabled generation of indistinguishable photons

Müller

Fischer

Dory

et al. 2016

Optica

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“…Using an off-resonant drive, we describe how a pronounced spectral asymmetry can arise under different conditions, and explain its origin in terms of the rate of optical transitions between dressed eigenstates. We investigate the different regimes under which a multi-peak structure arises, and describe the role of the excited state in the off-resonant spectrum.In semiconductor QD systems, acoustic-phonon-electron scattering alters the physics of two-level quantum optics by introducing further decoherence, including nonMarkovian bath coupling [13][14][15][16][17][18]; with pulsed excitation, we study this fundamental quantum interaction in detail, explaining its rich features, then discuss the main effects of including phonon coupling via a polaron master equation technique, which rigorously describes the dynamics of optically pulsed QD systems [19][20][21]. The system Hamiltonian H S of a TLS, under laser excitation in the dipole approximation, is…”

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Spectral asymmetries in the resonance fluorescence of two-level systems under pulsed excitation

2018

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We present an open-system master equation study of the coherent and incoherent resonance fluorescence spectrum from a two-level quantum system under coherent pulsed excitation. Several pronounced features which differ from the fluorescence under a constant drive are highlighted, including a multi-peak structure and a pronounced off-resonant spectral asymmetry, in stark contrast to the conventional symmetrical Mollow triplet. We also study semiconductor quantum dot systems using a polaron master equation, and show how the key features of dynamic resonance fluorescence change with electron-acoustic-phonon coupling.The theory of resonant scattering of light from a twolevel system (TLS) is a major achievement in quantum optics and provides an experimentally accessible gateway to probing strong-field quantum optics. In recent decades, advances in the ability to coherently manipulate atomic systems with light has allowed for a breadth of technological innovations which harness the quantum mechanical properties of these systems [1]. Furthermore, quantum dots (QDs) -semiconductor materials confined in three dimensions, with excited electron-hole pairs (excitons) mimicking the behaviour of an excited atom, can serve as "artificial atoms", maintaining the physics of the quantized system's interaction with the electromagnetic field, but with tunable properties and potential for scalability [2]. Semiconductor QDs have been the subject of much recent research for their potential as sources of quantum light, particularly single and entangled photons [3]. While constant excitation with a continuous wave (cw) laser drive can be used to create a TLS singlephoton source, often technological proposals require a deterministic source -one that can be triggered on-demand. This is typically done by an optical pulse, which renders resonance fluorescence (RF) of a TLS a genuine timedependent quantum dynamical process.The usual features of the RF spectrum under strong cw excitation manifest as the so-called Mollow triplet [4], where the power spectrum of the scattered field takes on a characteristic three-peak resonance structure due to radiative transitions between eigenstates of the system Hamiltonian, as well as a delta function peak at the (monochromatic) drive frequency corresponding to coherent elastic scattering. However, under excitation by a short pulse, the RF spectrum can take on features which obscure or eliminate this characteristic spectrum, especially under off-resonant excitation. The pulsed RF spectrum has been studied theoretically in atomic systems [5][6][7][8][9][10], and more recently in QD-cavity systems for on-resonance excitation [11], where a dynamic spectrum has been observed in the presence of cavity coupling [12].In this Letter, we describe the unique features of pulsed * c.gustin@queensu.ca RF spectra in depth using a master equation approach, and explore the different effects under time-dependent excitation, which are of interest to emerging experimental studies of pulsed quantum optical systems. In particul...

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“…The situation can change significantly * anna.musial@physik.tu-berlin.de at elevated temperatures when phonon-related dissipation sets in, which is of particular importance for possible applications. In fact, a strong influence of phonons on cQED phenomena has been predicted theoretically [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16], but the few existing experimental observations are rather limited [17][18][19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compensation of phonon-induced renormalization of vacuum Rabi splitting in large quantum dots: Towards temperature-stable strong coupling in the solid state with quantum dot-micropillars

et al. 2015

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We study experimentally the influence of temperature on the emission characteristics of quantum dotmicropillars in the strong coupling regime of cavity quantum electrodynamics (cQED). In particular, we investigate its impact on the vacuum Rabi splitting (VRS) and we address the important question of the temperature stability of the coherent coupling regime in a semiconductor system, which is relevant in view of both fundamental study and future applications. To study the temperature dependence we investigate an unprecedentedly large number of strong coupling cases (89) in a wide temperature range from 10 up to 50 K, which constitutes a good basis for statistical analysis. The experiment indicates a statistically significant increase of the VRS with temperature in contrast to an expected decrease of the VRS due to the dephasing induced by acoustic phonons. From the theoretical point of view, the phonon-induced renormalization of the VRS is calculated using a real-time path-integral approach for strongly confined quantum dots (QDs), which allows for a numerical exact treatment of the coupling between the QD and a continuum of longitudinal acoustic phonons. The absence of the expected decrease of the VRS with temperature in our experimental data can be attributed to a unique optical property of laterally extended In 0.4 Ga 0.6 As QDs used in this study. Their electronic structure facilitates an effective temperature-driven increase of the oscillator strength of the excitonic state by up to 40% in the given temperature range. This leads to enhanced light-matter interaction and overcompensates the phonon-related decrease of the VRS. The observed persistence of strong coupling in the presence of phonon-induced decoherence demonstrates the appealing possibility to counteract detrimental phonon effects in the cQED regime via engineering the electronic structure of QDs.

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Ultrafast Polariton-Phonon Dynamics of Strongly Coupled Quantum Dot-Nanocavity Systems

Cited by 66 publications

References 40 publications

Self-homodyne-enabled generation of indistinguishable photons

Self-homodyne-enabled generation of indistinguishable photons

Spectral asymmetries in the resonance fluorescence of two-level systems under pulsed excitation

Compensation of phonon-induced renormalization of vacuum Rabi splitting in large quantum dots: Towards temperature-stable strong coupling in the solid state with quantum dot-micropillars

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