Ultrafast Laser Processing of 2D Materials: Novel Routes to Advanced Devices
Aleksei V. Emelianov,
Mika Pettersson,
Ivan I. Bobrinetskiy
Abstract:Ultrafast laser processing has emerged as a versatile technique for modifying materials and introducing novel functionalities. Over the past decade, this method has demonstrated remarkable advantages in the manipulation of 2D layered materials, including synthesis, structuring, functionalization, and local patterning. Unlike continuous‐wave and long‐pulsed optical methods, ultrafast lasers offer a solution for thermal heating issues. Nonlinear interactions between ultrafast laser pulses and the atomic lattice … Show more
Two-dimensional (2D) antiferromagnetic (AFM) materials boasting a high Neél temperature (T N ), high carrier mobility, and fast spin response under an external field are in great demand for efficient spintronics. Herein, we theoretically present the MoB 3 monolayer as an ideal 2D platform for AFM spintronics. The AFM MoB 3 monolayer features a symmetry-protected, 4-fold degenerate Dirac nodal line (DNL) at the Fermi level. It demonstrates a high magnetic anisotropy energy of 865 μeV/Mo and an ultrahigh T N of 1050 K, one of the highest recorded for 2D AFMs. Importantly, we reveal the ultrafast demagnetization of AFM MoB 3 under laser irradiation, which induces a rapid transition from a DNL semimetallic state to a metallic state on the time scale of hundreds of femtoseconds. This work presents an effective method for designing advanced spintronics using 2D high-temperature DNL semimetals and opens up a new idea for ultrafast modulation of magnetization in topological semimetals.
Atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) materials exhibit extraordinary optical, electrical, and mechanical properties. Many functional nanostructures and devices of exceptional performance based on 2D materials have been demonstrated. However, the processing of 2D materials remains challenging due to inadequacies that are mainly driven by high fabrication cost, complex steps, and inefficient impurity control. On the other hand, laser-aided processing techniques offer versatility, nanoscale precision, and high throughput. Numerous efforts have showcased the implementation of laser processing and functionalization of 2D materials to control their physical properties and optimize device functionality. In this Perspective, we summarize research progress on laser-enabled thinning, patterning, doping, and functionalization of 2D materials. Continuing advances in optical processing techniques are anticipated to further accelerate the deployment of 2D materials and devices in many fields, including photonics, optoelectronics, and sensor applications.
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