Ultrafast laser inscription of near-infrared waveguides in polycrystalline ZnSe

MacDonald, John R.; Thomson, Robert R.; Beecher, Stephen J.; Psaila, N. D.; Bookey, Henry T.; Kar, A. K.

doi:10.1364/ol.35.004036

Cited by 64 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The nonlinear nature of the process makes it difficult to control and thus the waveguide inscription challenging [24,99]. It can distort the waveguide shape [26] or even entirely inhibit waveguide formation [100,101]. The Kerr nonlinearity results in an intensity-dependent refractive index change that follows the spatial intensity profile of the laser.…”

Section: Kerr Self-focusingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to mitigate the influence of nonlinear propagation effects, chirping the laser pulses to a few hundred femtoseconds up to a few picoseconds has been shown to be an effective means for the inscription of waveguides in highly nonlinear media such as lithium niobate [109], zinc selenide [100] and chalcogenide glass [101]. Moreover, complex temporal pulse envelopes can be used to spatially optimise the energy deposition, thereby simultaneously compensating for spherical aberrations and nonlinear pulse propagation [110].…”

Section: Kerr Self-focusingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ultrafast-laser-inscribed 3D integrated photonics: challenges and emerging applications

2015

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Since the discovery that tightly focused femtosecond laser pulses can induce a highly localised and permanent refractive index modification in a large number of transparent dielectrics, the technique of ultrafast laser inscription has received great attention from a wide range of applications. In particular, the capability to create three-dimensional optical waveguide circuits has opened up new opportunities for integrated photonics that would not have been possible with traditional planar fabrication techniques because it enables full access to the many degrees of freedom in a photon. This paper reviews the basic techniques and technological challenges of 3D integrated photonics fabricated using ultrafast laser inscription as well as reviews the most recent progress in the fields of astrophotonics, optical communication, quantum photonics, emulation of quantum systems, optofluidics and sensing.

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Section: Kerr Self-focusingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Kerr Self-focusingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrafast-laser-inscribed 3D integrated photonics: challenges and emerging applications

2015

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“…The important optical properties such as broad transparency from visible to mid infrared (MIR) wavelengths, high refractive index, low dispersion and high photosensitivity combined with electronic properties have been exploited in many optoelectronic devices such as LEDs, laser diodes, MIR sources, solar cells [1][2][3][4][5] and optical windows, lenses and prisms. Low-loss waveguides have been realized in ZnSe substrates by methods such as diamond dicing [6], laser writing [7], proton implantation [8] and a macroscopic Fourier transform infrared-attenuated total reflection (FTIR-ATR) waveguide element has been used for the detection of DNA hybridization [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical quality ZnSe films and low loss waveguides on Si substrates for mid-infrared applications

Mittal¹,

Sessions²,

Wilkinson³

et al. 2017

Opt. Mater. Express

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Zinc Selenide (ZnSe) is a promising mid-infrared waveguide material with high refractive index and wide transparency. Optical quality ZnSe thin films were deposited on silicon substrates by RF sputtering and thermal evaporation, and characterized and compared for material and optical properties. Evaporated films were found to be denser and smoother than sputtered films. Rib waveguides were fabricated from these films and evaporated films exhibited losses as low as 0.6 dB/cm at wavelengths between 2.5 µm and 3.7 µm. The films were also used as isolation/lower cladding layers on Si with GeTe 4 as the waveguide core and propagation losses were determined in this wavelength range.

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“…Figure 5c illustrates a recent realization including a 3D photonic integrated circuit [27,28] interfacing with the 2D PIC containing the FPR with a Roland circle. The 3D PIC is written by 3D laser inscription [29,30] that works similarly as a 3D printer but uses a tightly focused ultrafast laser beam. The fabricated 3D/2D PIC supports Mux/Demux of up to 15 OAM states, with both TE and TM polarizations and relatively low loss performance at 1.55 µm.…”

Section: Spatial Domain Enabling Technology: Orbital Angular Momentummentioning

confidence: 99%

Software defined elastic optical networking in temporal, spectral, and spatial domains

et al. 2014

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This paper discusses architecture, protocol, technologies, systems, and networking testbed for softwaredefined elastic optical networking in temporal, spectral, and spatial domains. By exploiting the progress in elastic optical networking (EON) in temporal and spectral domains utilizing dynamic optical arbitrary waveform generation and measurement technologies, and by extending the EON concept into the spatial domain through the new orbital angular momentum-based spatial division multiplexing, we realize EON exploiting elasticity in temporal, spectral, and spatial domains (3D-EON). Routing, spectral, spatial mode, and modulation format assignment with fragmentation awareness as well as hitless defragmentation for high capacity, high quality of service, and resource-efficient networking will be pursued. OpenFlow-based 3D-EON testbed at UC Davis includes optical supervisory channel with optical performance monitoring for software-defined networking with an adaptive observe-analyze-act cycle.

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Ultrafast laser inscription of near-infrared waveguides in polycrystalline ZnSe

Cited by 64 publications

References 15 publications

Ultrafast-laser-inscribed 3D integrated photonics: challenges and emerging applications

Ultrafast-laser-inscribed 3D integrated photonics: challenges and emerging applications

Optical quality ZnSe films and low loss waveguides on Si substrates for mid-infrared applications

Software defined elastic optical networking in temporal, spectral, and spatial domains

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