“…Currently, various types of nanomaterials have been employed to provide fluorescence response and construct ultrasensitive biosensors with the development of nanoscience and nanotechnology (Min et al, 2011;Zhang, 2012). Fluorescent nanomaterials, especially quantum dots (QDs) and noble metal nanoclusters (NCs), have been appearing as powerful and sensitive probes and attracted numerous attentions (Yang and Lian, 2014;Wen et al, 2014). Likewise, carbon dots (CDs) appear as a new class of 'zero-dimensional' fluorescent nanomaterials in the carbon family (Baker and Baker, 2010), and exhibit enormous prospects across the scientific disciplines owing to their ease of synthesis, abundance of raw material in nature, excellent chemical and colloidal stability, low photobleaching, scarcely optical blinking, favorable biocompatibility and superior water dispersibility (Hola et al, 2014;Song et al, 2014;Yang et al, 2013;Dong et al, 2012;Song et al, 2012).…”