Ultrafast electron dynamics and cubic optical nonlinearity of freestanding thin film of double walled carbon nanotubes

Kamaraju, N.; Kumar, Sunil; Karthikeyan, B.; Moravsky, A. P.; Loutfy, Raouf O.; Sood, Anil K.

doi:10.1063/1.2977463

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Furthermore, it is known that the rate of diffraction change is essentially in correlation with the electron-phonon coupling in the tubular sheets. We therefore have analyzed our UTEM data in comparison with results of the charge relaxation as measured in ultrafast optical spectroscopy 23 24 25 . Our experimental data reveals a time constant of 2.5 ± 1 ps for phonon response, which is in good agreement with the charge relaxation time observed in refs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clocking the anisotropic lattice dynamics of multi-walled carbon nanotubes by four-dimensional ultrafast transmission electron microscopy

Cao

Sun

et al. 2015

Sci Rep

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Recent advances in the four-dimensional ultrafast transmission electron microscope (4D-UTEM) with combined spatial and temporal resolutions have made it possible to directly visualize structural dynamics of materials at the atomic level. Herein, we report on our development on a 4D-UTEM which can be operated properly on either the photo-emission or the thermionic mode. We demonstrate its ability to obtain sequences of snapshots with high spatial and temporal resolutions in the study of lattice dynamics of the multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). This investigation provides an atomic level description of remarkable anisotropic lattice dynamics at the picosecond timescales. Moreover, our UTEM measurements clearly reveal that distinguishable lattice relaxations appear in intra-tubular sheets on an ultrafast timescale of a few picoseconds and after then an evident lattice expansion along the radial direction. These anisotropic behaviors in the MWCNTs are considered arising from the variety of chemical bonding, i.e. the weak van der Waals bonding between the tubular planes and the strong covalent sp2-hybridized bonds in the tubular sheets.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our experimental data reveals a time constant of 2.5 ± 1 ps for phonon response, which is in good agreement with the charge relaxation time observed in refs. 23 , 24 , 25 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clocking the anisotropic lattice dynamics of multi-walled carbon nanotubes by four-dimensional ultrafast transmission electron microscopy

Cao

Sun

et al. 2015

Sci Rep

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“…The concentric tube arrangement makes DWNTs an interesting class of nanomaterials, with wide-ranging potential applications, including in (opto)electronics. − Of particular interest relevant to this work, DWNTs also exhibit ultrafast carrier dynamics. ,− Kamaraju et al measured a linear limit of saturable absorption (α 0 ∼ 6.1 × 10 3 and ∼6.4 × 10 3 cm –1 ) and I sat (∼68 and 14 GW/cm 2 ) for aqueous dispersions and thin films of DWNTs, respectively. This is similar to the values reported for SWNT aqueous dispersions by the same authors (α 0 ∼ 5.6 × 10 4 cm –1 and I sat ∼ 33 GW/cm 2 , respectively) .…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The strong third-order optical nonlinearity, ultrafast carrier dynamics, ,− , and wide optical absorption , make DWNTs with ∼1.6–1.8 nm outer diameter very attractive for ultrafast photonic applications in the 1 to 2 μm range. With an interwall distance of ∼0.36–0.38 nm, , the diameter difference between inner and outer tubes is ∼0.7–0.8 nm.…”

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confidence: 99%

Double-Wall Carbon Nanotubes for Wide-Band, Ultrafast Pulse Generation

Hasan

Sun

Tan³

et al. 2014

ACS Nano

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We demonstrate wide-band ultrafast optical pulse generation at 1, 1.5, and 2 μm using a single-polymer composite saturable absorber based on double-wall carbon nanotubes (DWNTs). The freestanding optical quality polymer composite is prepared from nanotubes dispersed in water with poly(vinyl alcohol) as the host matrix. The composite is then integrated into ytterbium-, erbium-, and thulium-doped fiber laser cavities. Using this single DWNT–polymer composite, we achieve 4.85 ps, 532 fs, and 1.6 ps mode-locked pulses at 1066, 1559, and 1883 nm, respectively, highlighting the potential of DWNTs for wide-band ultrafast photonics.

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“…[138] Kumar and co-workers investigated the carrier dynamics of graphene dispersions in various solvents (distilled water, DMF, tetrahydrofuran) by Z-scan and pump-probe optical methods and demonstrated a solvent-specific fast carrier relaxation process. [139] Bao et al measured two relaxation processes in the excited carrier of multilayer graphene and also successfully applied graphene as an SA in the communication band. [14] After that, carrier dynamics mechanism research more clearly explored various preparation methods, layers, substrates, and dispersions of graphene.…”

Section: D Materials Carrier Dynamics Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

2D Materials for Nonlinear Photonics and Electro‐Optical Applications

Yin

Jiang

Huang

et al. 2021

Adv Materials Inter

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that satisfy the growing needs for compact, small foot-print, highly efficient and broadband photonic and optoelectronic devices. In other words, the development between SA technologies and lasers is almost isochronous. By 1983, several mode-locked fiber lasers with actively doped fiber amplifiers were demonstrated largely driven by improvements in low-loss optical fibers. However, mode-locking with a dye SA was unstable in Nd:fibers at the time. [5] The early 1990s saw the semiconductor SA mirror (SESAM) invention which was a milestone in the realization of stable passive mode-locked pulses [6,7] and stable Q-switching. However, SESAM progress was impeded by the narrow operation bandwidth, challenging fabrication process, slow relaxation time and most importantly a weak mid-infrared (mid-IR) response. By contrast, 2D nanomaterials can possess shorter relaxation times with a highly efficient broadband response covering even the mid-IR. The fabrication methods, nonlinear optical properties and applications in optics, biomedicine, and other fields of 2D materials are shown in Figure 1. 2D materials are now the spotlight of SA research applications because of these unique properties along with stable quantum confinement, higher mechanical stability, and an inherently small-footprint. [8][9][10] Graphene has been a breakthrough 2D NLO material for a wide range of topics such as broadband optical modulation, [11] optical frequency mixing, [12] ultrafast laser generation, [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] and surface plasmonic. [21] Nevertheless, the development of this material is still limited to some extent [22] due to its innate gapless band structure and the weak electronic on/off ratio. Topological insulators (TIs) reveal a large modulation depth. However, the fabrication of TIs is complicated because of their two elements composition. [23][24][25] Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are unusable in the mid-IR region because of their large bandgaps. [26] In Group-VA monoelemental materials, black phosphorus (BP) is famous for the characteristic layer number dependent bandgap. [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] However, monolayer or fewlayer BP lacks of chemical stability at ambient conditions. [36,37] In addition, another Group-VA material, semiconducting antimonene, is relatively stable under ambient environment with a wide bandgap. [38] Bulk antimonene has great potential to become a TI as well as quantum spin Hall phase producer when the number of layers is under 22, respectively. [39] On top of this, antimonene is very chemically stable. It has good thermal conductivity, [40] high mobility, [41] excellent thermoelectric figure of merit, [42] and good optical properties, [43][44][45][46] which 2D materials have received significant attention from the scientific community due to their unique structures and excellent physical properties. A lot of applications are explored based on graphene, topological insulators, and transition metal dichalcogenides. With further development of 2D materials, other Group-VA...

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Ultrafast electron dynamics and cubic optical nonlinearity of freestanding thin film of double walled carbon nanotubes

Cited by 14 publications

References 33 publications

Clocking the anisotropic lattice dynamics of multi-walled carbon nanotubes by four-dimensional ultrafast transmission electron microscopy

Clocking the anisotropic lattice dynamics of multi-walled carbon nanotubes by four-dimensional ultrafast transmission electron microscopy

Double-Wall Carbon Nanotubes for Wide-Band, Ultrafast Pulse Generation

2D Materials for Nonlinear Photonics and Electro‐Optical Applications

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