Ultrafast Delamination of Graphite into High‐Quality Graphene Using Alternating Currents

Yang, Sheng; Ricciardulli, Antonio Gaetano; Liu, Shaohua; Dong, Renhao; Lohe, Martin R.; Becker, Alfons; Squillaci, Marco A.; Samorı́, Paolo; Müllen, Kläus; Feng, Xinliang

doi:10.1002/anie.201702076

Cited by 143 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…In 2017, we developed an elegant exfoliation strategy to overcome this limitation. The electrolyte was made of 0.1 m tetra‐ n ‐butyl‐ammonium bisulfate (TBA HSO 4 ) in water and an alternating potential (±10 V, 0.1 Hz, rectangular shape) was applied between graphite anode and cathode ( Figure a) . The regular variation of applied potential, at every 5 s, enabled an ultrafast graphite exfoliation simultaneously at the anode and cathode, achieving an outstanding production rate of 20 g h −1 (Figure b).…”

Section: Synthesis Of 2d Materials Toward Their Pristine Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Emerging 2D Materials Produced via Electrochemistry

et al. 2020

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2D materials are important building blocks for the upcoming generation of nanostructured electronics and multifunctional devices due to their distinct chemical and physical characteristics. To this end, large‐scale production of 2D materials with high purity or with specific functionalities represents a key to advancing fundamental studies as well as industrial applications. Among the state‐of‐the‐art synthetic protocols, electrochemical exfoliation of layered materials is a very promising approach that offers high yield, great efficiency, low cost, simple instrumentation, and excellent up‐scalability. Remarkably, playing with electrochemical parameters not only enables tunable material properties but also increases the material diversities from graphene to a wide spectrum of 2D semiconductors. Here, a succinct and critical survey of the recent progress in this research direction is presented, comprising the strategic design, exfoliation principles, underlying mechanisms, processing techniques, and potential applications of 2D materials. At the end of the discussion, the emerging trends, challenges, and opportunities in real practice are also highlighted.

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Section: Synthesis Of 2d Materials Toward Their Pristine Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Synthesis Of 2d Materials Toward Their Pristine Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging 2D Materials Produced via Electrochemistry

et al. 2020

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“…In addition, layered materials at both electrodes can be peeled simultaneously to prepare 2D crystals. By applying alternating current, Yang et al used tetrabutylammonium bisulfate aqueous solution as electrolyte, and two graphite foils as cathode and anode are simultaneously peeled …”

Section: Preparation Of 2d Crystal–based Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The surface porosity of graphene fibers can be controllably designed to meet the requirement of specific applications. Graphene fibers with dense surface structures are mechanically robust, highly conductive, heat resistant, and chemical solvent resistant . Graphene fibers with porous surface structures have high specific surface areas.…”

Section: Properties and Applications Of 2d Crystal–based Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

2D Crystal–Based Fibers: Status and Challenges

Meng

Kong

et al. 2019

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2D crystals are emerging new materials in multidisciplinary fields including condensed state physics, electronics, energy, environmental engineering, and biomedicine. To employ 2D crystals for practical applications, these nanoscale crystals need to be processed into macroscale materials, such as suspensions, fibers, films, and 3D macrostructures. Among these macromaterials, fibers are flexible, knittable, and easy to use, which can fully reflect the advantages of the structure and properties of 2D crystals. Therefore, the fabrication and application of 2D crystal–based fibers is of great importance for expanding the impact of 2D crystals. In this Review, 2D crystals that are successfully prepared are overviewed based on their composition of elements. Subsequently, methods for preparing 2D crystals, 2D crystals dispersions, and 2D crystal–based fibers are systematically introduced. Then, the applications of 2D crystal–based fibers, such as flexible electronic devices, high‐efficiency catalysis, and adsorption, are also discussed. Finally, the status‐of‐quo, perspectives, and future challenges of 2D crystal–based fibers are summarized. This Review provides directions and guidelines for developing new 2D crystal–based fibers and exploring their potentials in the fields of smart wearable devices.

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“…[8,22,23] Briefly, two key steps facilitate the process: first edge expansion of the graphite foil occurs by attack of OH radicals or other radicals produced upon oxidation of electrolyte anions. [8,22,23] Briefly, two key steps facilitate the process: first edge expansion of the graphite foil occurs by attack of OH radicals or other radicals produced upon oxidation of electrolyte anions.…”

Section: Liquid-phase Exfoliationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrically Conductive Thin Films Derived from Bulk Graphite and Liquid–Liquid Interface Assembly

Blair

Çelebi

Müllen

et al. 2018

Adv Materials Inter

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combined with its production by expensive vapor processing methods define an urgent need for alternative materials. One possible alternative material for this is graphene, [3] a 2D allotrope of carbon first described in 2004. [4] Composed of a single layer of carbon atoms, graphene offers high mechanical strength, chemical resistance, and thermal and electrical conductivity while maintaining high optical transparency. [5] What remains a challenge, however, is its exfoliation from bulk graphite in scalable quantity such that applications no longer rely upon expensive bottom-up growth methods such as chemical vapor deposition. [6] Liquid-phase exfoliation of cheap and plentiful bulk graphite provides a low-cost exfoliation method with reported yields typi cally ranging from less than 1% up to 10% by mass of single-or few-layer graphene in organic solvents. [7][8][9][10] Graphite exfoliation by oxidation to nonconductive graphene oxide (GO), followed by reduction to restore sp 2 conjugation in the material, has the benefit of readily producing single sheets of GO in aqueous dispersion. Subsequent reduction, however, is only partial and often accompanied by significant loss of mass of the GO, resulting in compromised electrical and mechanical properties. [11][12][13] Therefore, a method of directly exfoliating bulk graphite to graphene using a very mild electrochemical oxidation [8,14] has the best potential for high yield and good electrical quality. Moreover, a liquid dispersion provides the optimal starting point for fabrication of graphene films prepared using liquid-based film processing techniques.Langmuir-Blodgett deposition is one such technique, capable of fabricating monolayer or multilayer films with well-ordered structures templated on the liquid interface and then transferred to a substrate of choice. Structural control stems from manipulation of the surface pressure of the interfacial material by compression with mechanical barriers, before the substrate is raised or lowered through the interface. Knowledge of the 2D phase behavior and compression state of the material is an important prerequisite for depositing a film with controlled properties. Applicable to a wide range of interfacial systems, it has long been a standard laboratory-scale technique to coat appropriate substrates, including flexible ones, for further analysis and characterization of interfacial films. [15] The combination of low cost and environmental impact with the efficiency of material transfer from the interface to the substrate has meant that interest Confinement of particles to fluid-fluid interfaces provides a unique interaction environment, allowing the directed assembly of particles using lateral capillary forces. The particle laden interfacial layers can be deposited onto a variety of substrates for the fabrication of thin film coatings, designed to have structural or functional properties resulting from the interfacespecific structures. For the fabrication of electrically conducting films and specifically graphene-based co...

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Ultrafast Delamination of Graphite into High‐Quality Graphene Using Alternating Currents

Cited by 143 publications

References 40 publications

Emerging 2D Materials Produced via Electrochemistry

Emerging 2D Materials Produced via Electrochemistry

2D Crystal–Based Fibers: Status and Challenges

Electrically Conductive Thin Films Derived from Bulk Graphite and Liquid–Liquid Interface Assembly

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