Ultrafast and Nanoscale Plasmonic Phenomena in Exfoliated Graphene Revealed by Infrared Pump–Probe Nanoscopy

Wagner, Martin; Fei, Zhe; McLeod, Alexander; Родин, Александр; Bao, Wenzhong; Iwinski, Eric G.; Zhao, Zhenyu; Goldflam, Michael; Liu, Mengkun; Domínguez, G.; Thiemens, M. H.; Fogler, M. M.; Neto, A. H. Castro; Lau, Chun Ning; Amarie, Sergiu; Keilmann, F.; Basov, D. N.

doi:10.1021/nl4042577

Cited by 167 publications

(193 citation statements)

References 54 publications

(120 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

182

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Comparing the relevant time scales of plasmonic modulation in different materials in Table 1, we find a subpicosecond response time for InAs that is longer than that of graphene 11 and metals. 35,36 However, this time constant in InAs is a consequence of photoexcitation far above the Γ-point with subsequent carrier relaxation to the Γ-minimum, a process that can be accelerated by injecting electrons closer to the conduction band minimum via lower photon energies.…”

mentioning

confidence: 95%

Ultrafast Dynamics of Surface Plasmons in InAs by Time-Resolved Infrared Nanospectroscopy

et al. 2014

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ABSTRACT:We report on time-resolved mid-infrared (mid-IR) nearfield spectroscopy of the narrow bandgap semiconductor InAs. The dominant effect we observed pertains to the dynamics of photoexcited carriers and associated surface plasmons. A novel combination of pump− probe techniques and near-field nanospectroscopy accesses high momentum plasmons and demonstrates efficient, subpicosecond photomodulation of the surface plasmon dispersion with subsequent tens of picoseconds decay under ambient conditions. The photoinduced change of the probe intensity due to plasmons in InAs is found to exceed that of other mid-IR or near-IR media by 1−2 orders of magnitude. Remarkably, the required control pulse fluence is as low as 60 μJ/cm 2 , much smaller than fluences of ∼1−10 mJ/cm 2 previously utilized in ultrafast control of near-IR plasmonics. These low excitation densities are easily attained with a standard 1.56 μm fiber laser. Thus, InAsa common semiconductor with favorable plasmonic properties such as a low effective masshas the potential to become an important building block of optically controlled plasmonic devices operating at infrared frequencies.

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 95%

Ultrafast Dynamics of Surface Plasmons in InAs by Time-Resolved Infrared Nanospectroscopy

et al. 2014

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…1. The ultrafast response of optically heated graphene has been probed through pump-probe spectroscopy and has been shown to sustain plasmons induced by an elevated electron temperature [9,16]. Likewise, optical heating of BP has been also demonstrated to enable plasmons in the material [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlocal plasmonic response of doped and optically pumped graphene, MoS2 , and black phosphorus

2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Plasmons in two-dimensional (2D) materials have emerged as a new source of physical phenomena and optoelectronic applications due in part to the relatively small number of charge carriers on which they are supported. Unlike conventional plasmonic materials, they possess a large Fermi wavelength, which can be comparable with the plasmon wavelength, thus leading to unusually strong nonlocal effects. Here, we study the optical response of a selection of 2D crystal layers (graphene, MoS 2 , and black phosphorus) with inclusion of nonlocal and thermal effects. We extensively analyze their plasmon dispersion relations and focus on the Purcell factor for the decay of an optical emitter in close proximity to the material as a way to probe nonlocal and thermal effects, with emphasis placed on the interplay between temperature and doping. The results are based on tight-binding modeling of the electronic structure combined with the random-phase approximation response function in which the temperature enters through the Fermi-Dirac electronic occupation distribution. Our study provides a route map for the exploration and exploitation of the ultrafast optical response of 2D materials.

show abstract

“…The gross features of the data are captured by our numerical analysis (blue curves in Figure 2b,c), where we calculate the near-field amplitude by modeling the AFM tip as a conducting spheroid (Supporting Information). 4,6,29 The key modeling parameter is the complex plasmon wavevector (qp) of graphene that contains information about both the plasmon wavelength p = 2/Re(qp) and plasmon damping rate p = Im(qp)/Re(qp).As introduced in our previous works 4,6 , the above modeling method is quantitatively accurate and it allows us to extract the complex qp by directly fitting the plasmon fringe profiles. The fitting was performed on both the broadband (Figure 2b) and CW (Figure 2c) data sets.…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

Edge and Surface Plasmons in Graphene Nanoribbons

et al. 2015

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We report on nano-infrared (IR) imaging studies of confined plasmon modes inside patterned graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) fabricated with high-quality chemical-vapordeposited (CVD) graphene on Al2O3 substrates. The confined geometry of these ribbons leads to distinct mode patterns and strong field enhancement, both of which evolve systematically with the ribbon width. In addition, spectroscopic nano-imaging in midinfrared 850-1450 cm -1 allowed us to evaluate the effect of the substrate phonons on the plasmon damping. Furthermore, we observed edge plasmons: peculiar one-dimensional modes propagating strictly along the edges of our patterned graphene nanostructures. KeywordsGraphene nanoribbons, CVD graphene, nano-infrared imaging, plasmon-phonon coupling, edge plasmons Main textSurface plasmon polaritons, collective oscillation of charges on the surface of metals or semiconductors, have been harnessed to confine and manipulate electromagnetic energy at the nanometer length scale. 1 In particular, surface plasmons in graphene are collective oscillations of Dirac quasiparticles that reveal high confinement, electrostatic tunability and long lifetimes. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] Plasmons in graphene are promising for optoelectronic and nanophotonic applications in a wide frequency range from the terahertz to the infrared (IR) regime. 16,17 One common approach to investigate plasmons is based on nano-structuring of plasmonic media. 12,18 Large area structures comprised of graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) and graphene nano-disks have been extensively investigated by means of various spectroscopies. [12][13][14][15][16][17] These types of structures are of interest in light of practical applications including: surface enhanced IR vibrational spectroscopy 19,20 , modulators 21 , photodetectors 22 and tunable metamaterials 23,24 . Whereas the collective, area-averaged responses of graphene nanotructures are well characterized, the real-space characteristics of confined plasmon modes within these nanostructures remain completely unexplored.In this work, we performed nano-IR imaging on patterned GNRs utilizing an antennabased nanoscope that is connected to both continuous-wave and broadband lasers 25 (Supporting Information). As shown in Figure 1a, the metalized tip of an atomic force microscope (AFM) is illuminated by IR light thus generating strong near fields underneath the tip apex. These fields have a wide range of in-plane momenta q thus facilitating energy transfer and momentum bridging from photons to plasmons. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Our GNR samples were fabricated by lithography patterning of high quality CVD-grown graphene single crystals 26 on aluminum oxide (Al2O3) substrates (Supporting Information). As discussed in detail below, the optical phonon of Al2O3 is below  = 1000 cm -1 ( Figure S2), allowing for a wide mid-IR frequency region free from phonons.In Figure 1b, we show the AFM phase image displaying arrays of GNRs with various widths (darker parts correspond to gr...

show abstract

Ultrafast and Nanoscale Plasmonic Phenomena in Exfoliated Graphene Revealed by Infrared Pump–Probe Nanoscopy

Cited by 167 publications

References 54 publications

Ultrafast Dynamics of Surface Plasmons in InAs by Time-Resolved Infrared Nanospectroscopy

Ultrafast Dynamics of Surface Plasmons in InAs by Time-Resolved Infrared Nanospectroscopy

Nonlocal plasmonic response of doped and optically pumped graphene, MoS2 , and black phosphorus

Edge and Surface Plasmons in Graphene Nanoribbons

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About