Ultradispersed Ir_xNi clusters as bifunctional electrocatalysts for high-efficiency water splitting in acid electrolytes

Abstract

A method of preparing IrxNi/C clusters by polyol reduction using a XC-72R support was proposed. Due to the 2 nm size of the catalyst particles, more active sites are exposed. This is a promising route for the development of efficient water splitting electrocatalysts.

Advances in the Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Reaction by Metal Nanoclusters‐based Materials

“…Besides the carbon‐based supports discussed above, other carbon materials with different morphology and structures have also been used for anchoring MNCs, such as the 3D hollow carbon nanospheres, [ 179 ] carbon nanofiber, [ 180 ] 2D graphdiyne, [ 181 ] carbon black, [ 182 ] phenolic resin derived mesoporous carbon, [ 183 ] and tannic acid derived thermostable carbon. [ 184 ] For example, using the mesoporous carbon spheres with a hollow interior as support, Wan et al synthesized Pt cluster electrocatalysts (Pt 5 /HMCS) for hydrogen evolution (Figure 18m,n).…”

“…The relationship between the d-band center values and ΔG H* is shown in Figure 18l, it shows that the electronic coupling with Pt and Co components causes the charge redistribution and lowers the d-band center of Pt far from its Fermi level, which not only leads to a decrease of the ΔG H* (approaching zero), but also improves kinetics and activity of the HER. [176,178] Besides the carbon-based supports discussed above, other carbon materials with different morphology and structures have also been used for anchoring MNCs, such as the 3D hollow carbon nanospheres, [179] carbon nanofiber, [180] 2D graphdiyne, [181] carbon black, [182] phenolic resin derived mesoporous carbon, [183] and tannic acid derived thermostable carbon. [184] For example, using the mesoporous carbon spheres with a hollow interior as support, Wan et al synthesized Pt cluster electrocatalysts (Pt 5 /HMCS) for hydrogen evolution (Figure 18m,n).…”

Electronic optimization and modification of efficient Ir clusters embedded onto Ni–Mo–P for electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction

“…eV was attributed to Ni 3p [29,30]. Accordingly, the majority of Ir clusters embedded onto Ni-Mo-P substrate were approximately + 4 oxidation state, indicating that Ir clusters were highly oxidated in the Ir-NMP catalyst and those were available to the enhancement of electrocatalytic water oxidation [45,46].…”

Ultralow-iridium content NiIr alloy derivative nanochain arrays as bifunctional electrocatalysts for overall water splitting

“…[14][15][16][17][18] On the other hand, as the precious IrO 2 is considered to have excellent OER activity and durability, [19][20][21] researchers have devoted tremendous effort to minimizing the Ir loading on the electrode and improving its utilization through various modication strategies. For example, improving active sites exposure via hierarchical architecture designing, [22][23][24] improving noble metal atom utilization via single-atom electrocatalysts development, 25,26 and compounding non-noble metal elements to ensure the satisfactory durability and improving the electrocatalytic activity. 27,28 However, more research is needed to further reduce the content of noble metals to achieve a balance between high OER activity and excellent durability.…”