Ultracompact all-optical full adders using an interference effect based on 2D photonic crystal nanoring resonators

Mohammadi, Masoud; Fallahi, Vahid; Seifouri, Mahmood

doi:10.1007/s10825-020-01619-x

Cited by 21 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The sequence, balance and symmetry in the arrangement of MRRs create different topologies, characteristics and provide special and diverse results and applications. Among these applications, the fields of slow light 38 , optical sensors 8 , optical logic circuits 10 and also optical telecommunication 39 could be mentioned. Among the different topologies of these devices, according to their arrangement, vertical, horizontal and diagonal geometries are remarkable.…”

Section: Design Procedures For Optical Ring Resonator Sensormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The small size of a few micrometers and using novel geometries and topologies have provided various applications with interesting characteristics and results 3 – 5 . Among the numerous applications of these optical devices, we can mention their application in the field of lasers 6 , nonlinear optics 7 , optical sensors and biosensors 1 , 8 , quantum optics 9 , optical logic circuits 10 , opto-mechanics 11 , photothermal 12 and chemical sensors 13 , 14 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sensitivity and quality factor improvement of photonic crystal sensors by geometrical optimization of waveguides and micro-ring resonators combination

Fallahi,

Kordrostami,

Hosseini

2024

Sci Rep

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In this work, the process of designing and simulating optical sensors based on photonic crystal (PC) micro-ring resonators (MRRs) has been investigated. According to the PC type, different waveguides and resonators can be designed, and various topologies can be proposed from their combination, for optical sensor applications. Here, the investigated MRR is of the symmetrical micro-hexagonal ring resonator (MHRR) type. Different arrays of MHRR arrangement have been designed to investigate their effects on the output spectrum. The results of the design and simulation of different topologies have been analyzed and compared with other numerical researches. Considering all the necessary aspects of PC optical sensors, a detailed and comprehensive algorithm has been presented for designing these devices and choosing the optimal structure. In a more complementary process, the effects of reflector rods have been investigated, which indicates the existence of similarity and compatibility in the design between the distance of reflector rods and the length of MHRRs to obtain the optimal structure. Finally, the effect of different values of lattice constant and radius of dielectric rods on FWHM, transmission (TR) and resonant wavelength is studied, and the most optimal mode is presented. In order to measure the performance of the proposed optimal sensor, its application for gas detection has been analyzed. TR, FWHM, quality factor (QF), sensitivity (S) and figure of merit (FOM) of the proposed sensor were equal to 96%, 0.31 nm, 2636, 6451 nm/RIU and 2960 RIU−1 respectively. An examination of results from similar research indicates a rational and effective approach for generating diverse topologies, aiming to attain the most optimal configuration for optical sensors employing MRRs. Furthermore, employing a systematic design process based on established principles and the proposed algorithm helps prevent arbitrary parameter variations, facilitating the attainment of desired outcomes in a more streamlined and efficient manner. Given the comprehensive nature of this research, it presents a viable solution for designing optical devices based on MRRs for use in optical integrated circuits (OICs) applications.

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Section: Design Procedures For Optical Ring Resonator Sensormentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity and quality factor improvement of photonic crystal sensors by geometrical optimization of waveguides and micro-ring resonators combination

Fallahi,

Kordrostami,

Hosseini

2024

Sci Rep

Self Cite

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“…The time required for moving the output power from 0% to 90% is known as the average output power (P avg ) [61].…”

Section: Response Timementioning

confidence: 99%

2D- PhC based all optical AND, OR and EX-OR logic gates with high contrast ratio operating at C band

Geerthana¹,

SYEDAKBAR²,

Sridarshini³

et al. 2022

Laser Phys.

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In this article, photonic crystal (PhC) based all-optical logic gates, namely AND, OR and EX-OR have been explored and their characteristics are reported. Two-dimensional (2D) PhC based logic gates are proposed using a hexagonal lattice with T-shaped structure by incorporating line defects. The total size of the device is 84 µm2 and it operates at a wavelength of 1550 nm (C band). The designed optical logic gates are investigated using 2D finite difference time domain simulators by means of the plane wave expansion method. Parameters, such as response time and contrast ratio of the designed all-optic logic gates, are analyzed. The proposed AND, OR and EX-OR logic gates offer a contrast ratio of 14.48 dB, 14.57 dB and 12.9 dB respectively with, in order, response times of 0.159 ps, 0.168 ps and 0.1672 ps. The designed logic gates work in the third optical window as they are operating at the 1550 nm wavelength. To specify the performance of the proposed logic gates, their field distribution has been determined and is exhibited. The designed logic gates are suitable for use in photonic integrated circuits, all optical computing and optical sensing applications.

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“…Thus, PhCs are great candidates for optical networks, optical communications and applications of optical signal processing (Joannopoulos et al 2011). Many PhCs based optical components have been reported such as: multiplexers (Rao et al 2021;Fasihi and Bashiri 2020;Zhao et al 2019), de-multiplexers (Mohammadi et al , 2021aMasilamani and Punniakodi 2020;Radhouene et al 2020;Mohammadi and Seifouri 2019;Kannaiyan et al 2017), full adders (Mohammadi et al 2021b;Naghizade and Saghaei 2021a;Maleki et al 2021a, b;Goswami et al 2021;Vali-Nasab et al 2019), analog-to-digital converters (Naghizade and Saghaei 2021b;Shamsi and Moradi 2020;Geng and Zhao 2020), optical filters (Foroughifar et al 2021), flip-flops (Zamanian-Dehkordi et al 2018;Abbasi et al 2012), comparators (Seraj et al 2020;Feng et al 2021;Cheng and Dadras Jeddi Pishkhani 2021;Zhu et al 2019;Jile 2020), optical logic gates (Kumar and Sen 2020;Kotb and Guo 2020;Saranya and Anbazhagan 2020;Caballero et al 2020;He et al 2020;Mostafa et al 2019a;Hussein et al 2018a, b;Olyaee et al 2018;Fu et al 2013;Caballero and Neto 2021) and all-optical encoders (Makvandi et al 2021;Rajasekar et al 2020;…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New designs of 4 × 2 photonic crystal encoders using ring resonators

2023

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Optical encoders are pivotal elements in optical communication applications. There is much need for ultra-compact and high-speed novel designs. This work proposes two new designs of fast, compact 4 × 2 optical encoders using two dimensional photonic crystals. The proposed structures consist of square lattice silicon rods embedded in an air background. The operation of these encoders is based on the wave interference technique. The encoders are designed to help in achieving better performance through increasing the contrast ratio and decreasing the power loss and the return loss. The PWE method is used to analyze the photonic band gap. We used FDTD simulation to obtain the electric field distribution inside each structure and the normalized output power. We prove that the scattering rods improve the directivity of the light toward the desired paths and decrease the backward reflection. The proposed encoders have small footprint areas of 204.8 and 160.4 μm2 and operate at wavelength 1550 nm. They achieve low response time (254 and 163 fs) and high contrast ratio (6.69 and 12.9 dB). Simplicity and compactness of the designs make them suitable for optical signal processors and photonic integrated circuits. Another advantage of these designs is that low input power is enough for the encoders’ operation, because there is no non-linear materials included. Our designs compete with the published works in the last few years especially in their footprint and response time.

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Ultracompact all-optical full adders using an interference effect based on 2D photonic crystal nanoring resonators

Cited by 21 publications

References 37 publications

Sensitivity and quality factor improvement of photonic crystal sensors by geometrical optimization of waveguides and micro-ring resonators combination

Sensitivity and quality factor improvement of photonic crystal sensors by geometrical optimization of waveguides and micro-ring resonators combination

2D- PhC based all optical AND, OR and EX-OR logic gates with high contrast ratio operating at C band

New designs of 4 × 2 photonic crystal encoders using ring resonators

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