ULTRACAM z′-band detection of the secondary eclipse of WASP-12b

Föhring, Dóra; Dhillon, V. S.; Madhusudhan, Nikku; Marsh, T. R.; Copperwheat, C. M.; Littlefair, S. P.; Wilson, Richard W.

doi:10.1093/mnras/stt1443

Cited by 53 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(89 reference statements)

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“…In this paper, we present two i -band secondary eclipse observations of WASP-12b that were conducted a year apart. The measured depths significantly disagree, mirroring the results of similar observations conducted at z -band wavelengths (López-Morales et al 2010;Föhring et al 2013). We also present an analysis of all reported WASP-12b secondary eclipse depths, in addition to a discussion of whether this could arise due to systematic errors or detectable variability in the WASP-12b dayside.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…Madhusudhan (2012) predicted that for many hot Jupiters, thermal emission measurements at these wavelengths are good discriminators between carbonrich and carbon-poor exoplanets. Whilst secondary eclipse observations conducted at z -band wavelengths have been published for 9 exoplanets 1 (Sing & López-Morales 2009;López-Morales et al 2010;Smith et al 2011;Burton et al 2012;Gillon et al 2012;Lendl et al 2013;Zhou et al 2013;Föhring et al 2013;Chen et al 2014;Delrez et al 2016;Gaudi et al 2017;Delrez et al 2018), only two studies have reported secondary eclipse observations at i -band wavelengths (Mancini et al 2013;Chen et al 2014), with the most confident detection reported at 3.7σ.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Storms or systematics? The changing secondary eclipse depth of WASP-12b

Hooton

Mooij

Watson

et al. 2019

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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WASP-12b is one of the most well-studied transiting exoplanets, as its highlyinflated radius and its 1.1 day orbit around a G0-type star make it an excellent target for atmospheric categorisation through observation during its secondary eclipse. We present two new secondary eclipse observations of WASP-12b, acquired a year apart with the Wide Field Camera on the Isaac Newton Telescope (INT) and the IO:O instrument on the Liverpool Telescope (LT). These observations were conducted in the i -band, a window expected to be dominated by TiO features if present in appreciable quantities in the upper atmosphere. We measured eclipse depths that disagree with each other by ∼3σ (0.97 ± 0.14 mmag on the INT and 0.44 ± 0.21 mmag on the LT), a result that is mirrored in previous z -band secondary eclipse measurements for WASP-12b. We explore explanations for these disagreements, including systematic errors and variable thermal emission in the dayside atmosphere of WASP-12b caused by temperature changes of a few hundred Kelvin: a possibility we cannot rule out from our analysis. Full-phase curves observed with TESS and CHEOPS have the potential to detect similar atmospheric variability for WASP-12b and other optimal targets, and a strategic, multi-telescope approach to future ground-based secondary eclipse observations is required to discriminate between explanations involving storms and systematics.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Storms or systematics? The changing secondary eclipse depth of WASP-12b

Hooton

Mooij

Watson

et al. 2019

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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“…While the host star is fairly faint (V = 12), WASP-12b's close semimajor axis and large radius (a = 0.0234 au, R R 1.90 Collins et al 2017) make it an excellent target for detailed study. Transit observations of WASP-12b range from 0.3 to 4.5μm, and eclipse observations range from 0.9 to 8.0μm (e.g., Hebb et al 2009;López-Morales et al 2010;Campo et al 2011;Madhusudhan et al 2011;Cowan et al 2012;Crossfield et al 2012;Copperwheat et al 2013;Föhring et al 2013;Sing et al 2013;Swain et al 2013;Stevenson et al 2014aStevenson et al , 2014bCroll et al 2015;Sing et al 2016). This work presents the first optical eclipse measurement of WASP-12b.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

The Very Low Albedo of WASP-12b from Spectral Eclipse Observations with Hubble

Bell

Nikolov

Cowan

et al. 2017

ApJL

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We present an optical eclipse observation of the hot Jupiter WASP-12b using the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph on board the Hubble Space Telescope. These spectra allow us to place an upper limit of A 0.064 g < (97.5% confidence level) on the planet's white light geometric albedo across 290-570 nm. Using six wavelength bins across the same wavelength range also produces stringent limits on the geometric albedo for all bins. However, our uncertainties in eclipse depth are ∼40% greater than the Poisson limit and may be limited by the intrinsic variability of the Sun-like host star-the solar luminosity is known to vary at the 10 −4 level on a timescale of minutes. We use our eclipse depth limits to test two previously suggested atmospheric models for this planet: Mie scattering from an aluminum-oxide haze or cloud-free Rayleigh scattering. Our stringent nondetection rules out both models and is consistent with thermal emission plus weak Rayleigh scattering from atomic hydrogen and helium. Our results are in stark contrast with those for the much cooler HD 189733b, the only other hot Jupiter with spectrally resolved reflected light observations; those data showed an increase in albedo with decreasing wavelength. The fact that the first two exoplanets with optical albedo spectra exhibit significant differences demonstrates the importance of spectrally resolved reflected light observations and highlights the great diversity among hot Jupiters.

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“…There have been extensive photometric and spectroscopic studies of WASP-12b (López-Morales et al 2010;Campo et al 2011;Chan et al 2011;Croll et al 2011;Husnoo et al 2011;Maciejewski et al 2011Maciejewski et al , 2013Madhusudhan et al 2011;Cowan et al 2012;Crossfield, Hansen & Barman 2012;Haswell et al 2012;Sada et al 2012;Sokov et al 2012;Southworth et al 2012b;Zhao et al 2012;Copperwheat et al 2013;Crossfield et al 2013;Föhring et al 2013;Fossati et al 2013;Mandell et al 2013;Sing et al 2013;Swain et al 2013;Bechter et al 2014 Table 14. Physical properties of WASP-12b, WASP-33b, WASP-36b, WASP-44b, WASP-48b, and WASP-77Ab derived from the light-curve modelling.…”

Section: Wasp-12bmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ground-based near-UV observations of 15 transiting exoplanets: constraints on their atmospheres and no evidence for asymmetrical transits

Turner

Pearson

Biddle

et al. 2016

Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc.

108

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Transits of exoplanets observed in the near-UV have been used to study the scattering properties of their atmospheres and possible star-planet interactions. We observed the primary transits of 15 exoplanets (CoRoT-1b, GJ436b, HAT-P-1b, HAT-P-13b, HAT-P-16b, HAT-P-22b, TrES2b, in the near-UV and several optical photometric bands to update their planetary parameters, ephemerides, search for a wavelength dependence in their transit depths to constrain their atmospheres, and determine if asymmetries are visible in their light curves. Here, we present the first ground-based near-UV light curves for 12 of the targets (CoRoT1b, GJ436b, HAT-P-1b, HAT-P-13b, HAT-P-22b, TrES-2b, TrES-4b, WASP-1b, WASP-33b, WASP-36b, WASP-48b, and WASP-77Ab). We find that none of the near-UV transits exhibit any non-spherical asymmetries, this result is consistent with recent theoretical predictions by Ben-Jaffel et al. and Turner et al. The multiwavelength photometry indicates a constant transit depth from near-UV to optical wavelengths in 10 targets (suggestive of clouds), and a varying transit depth with wavelength in 5 targets (hinting at Rayleigh or aerosol scattering in their atmospheres). We also present the first detection of a smaller near-UV transit depth than that measured in the optical in WASP-1b and a possible opacity source that can cause such radius variations is currently unknown. WASP-36b also exhibits a smaller near-UV transit depth at

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ULTRACAM z′-band detection of the secondary eclipse of WASP-12b

Cited by 53 publications

References 46 publications

Storms or systematics? The changing secondary eclipse depth of WASP-12b

Storms or systematics? The changing secondary eclipse depth of WASP-12b

The Very Low Albedo of WASP-12b from Spectral Eclipse Observations with Hubble

Ground-based near-UV observations of 15 transiting exoplanets: constraints on their atmospheres and no evidence for asymmetrical transits

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