Ultrabroadband High Coupling Efficiency Fiber-to-Waveguide Coupler Using Si$_{3}$N$_{4}$ /SiO$_{2}$ Waveguides on Silicon

Zhu, Tiecheng; Hu, Yiwen; Gatkine, Pradip; Veilleux, Sylvain; Bland-Hawthorn, Joss; Dagenais, M.

doi:10.1109/jphot.2016.2600037

Cited by 30 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…23 While work is ongoing to improve the performance of these devices, the group have also tried to address the difficulty of coupling into the the high-index-contrast waveguides. To this end they have demonstrated > 90% coupling from an ultra-high numerical aperture fiber to the input waveguide 24 and a highly efficient taper to convert from the weakly guided input waveguide to a strongly guided AWG feed waveguide. In addition, the team has developed waveguide Bragg gratings, which can be integrated onto the chip with the IPSs to spectrally filter for OH suppression applications, 25 for example.…”

Section: Astronomical Developments Of Integrated Photonic Spectrograpmentioning

confidence: 99%

Status and future developments of integrated photonic spectrographs for astronomy and Earth and planetary sciences

Jovanović

Cvetojevic

Daal

et al. 2020

Photonic Instrumentation Engineering VII

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The size and cost of astronomical instruments for extremely large telescopes (ELTs), are pushing the limits of what is feasible, requiring optical components at the very edge of achievable size and performance. Operating at the diffraction-limit, the realm of photonic technologies, allows for highly compact instruments to be realized. In particular, Integrated Photonic Spectrographs (IPSs) have the potential to replace an instrument the size of a car with one that can be held in the palm of a hand. This miniaturization in turn offers dramatic improvements in mechanical and thermal stability. Owing to the single-mode fiber feed, the performance of the spectrograph is decoupled from the telescope and the instruments point spread function can be calibrated with a much higher precision. These effects combined mean that an IPS can provide superior performance with respect to a classical bulk optic spectrograph. In this paper we provide a summary of efforts made to qualify IPSs for astronomical applications to date. These include the early characterization of arrayed waveguide gratings for multi-object injection and modifications to facilitate a continuous spectrum, to the integration of these devices into prototypical instruments and most recently the demonstration of a highly optimized instrument directly fed from an 8-m telescope. We will then outline development paths necessary for astronomy, currently underway, which include broadening operating bands, bandwidth, increasing resolution, implementing cross-disperison on-chip and integrating these devices with other photonic technologies and detectors such as superconducting Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detector arrays. Although the focus of this work is on IPS applicability to astronomy, they may be even more ideally suited to Earth & planetary science applications.

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Section: Astronomical Developments Of Integrated Photonic Spectrograpmentioning

confidence: 99%

Status and future developments of integrated photonic spectrographs for astronomy and Earth and planetary sciences

Jovanović

Cvetojevic

Daal

et al. 2020

Photonic Instrumentation Engineering VII

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“…The Rowland circle radius is 700 μm and the grating length is 1400 μm. High efficiency coupling tapers are used at the input and output facets of the sample as mode converters to minimize the fiber-waveguide coupling loss [19]. We use the 10th diffraction order to define the input and output waveguide positions.…”

Section: Design and Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicon Nitride/Silicon Dioxide Echelle Grating Spectrometer for Operation Near 1.55 μm

et al. 2018

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Here we use an electron beam lithography system to pattern an Si 3 N 4 /SiO 2 echelle grating using silver as a reflector on the grating grooves. The grating in this letter achieves 1.39 dB on-chip loss, a spectral resolution of ∼1300, a 1.2 dB channel nonuniformity, and less than −30 dB adjacent channel crosstalk for the transverse electric field polarization. We establish that stitching errors can lead to appreciable adjacent channel crosstalk if proper precaution is not taken to minimize them.

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“…In contrast to a waveguide with a square cross-section (such as 0.4 × 0.4 µm), this high-aspect ratio waveguide is easier to fabricate; it has a greater tolerance for width errors and provides better etch-depth uniformity due to the thin structure. This waveguide geometry is also better matched to the taper geometry used to improve the fiber-AWG coupling efficiency [34], as described in section 4.1.…”

Section: Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arrayed waveguide grating spectrometers for astronomical applications: new results

Gatkine

Veilleux

et al. 2017

Opt. Express

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Abstract:One promising application of photonics to astronomical instrumentation is the miniaturization of near-infrared (NIR) spectrometers for large ground-and space-based astronomical telescopes. Here we present new results from our effort to fabricate arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) spectrometers for astronomical applications entirely in-house. Our latest devices have a peak overall throughput of ∼23%, a spectral resolving power (λ/δλ) of ∼1300, and cover the entire H band (1450−1650 nm) for Transverse Electric (TE) polarization. These AWGs use a silica-on-silicon platform with a very thin layer of Si 3 N 4 as the core of the waveguides. They have a free spectral range of ∼10 nm at a wavelength of ∼1600 nm and a contrast ratio or crosstalk of about 2% (−17 dB). Various practical aspects of implementing AWGs as astronomical spectrographs are discussed, including the coupling of the light between the fibers and AWGs, high-temperature annealing to improve the throughput of the devices at ∼1500 nm, cleaving at the output focal plane of the AWG to provide continuous wavelength coverage, and a novel algorithm to make the devices polarization insensitive over a broad band. These milestones will guide the development of the next generation of AWGs with wider free spectral range and higher resolving power and throughput.

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Ultrabroadband High Coupling Efficiency Fiber-to-Waveguide Coupler Using Si$_{3}$N$_{4}$ /SiO$_{2}$ Waveguides on Silicon

Cited by 30 publications

References 21 publications

Status and future developments of integrated photonic spectrographs for astronomy and Earth and planetary sciences

Status and future developments of integrated photonic spectrographs for astronomy and Earth and planetary sciences

Silicon Nitride/Silicon Dioxide Echelle Grating Spectrometer for Operation Near 1.55 μm

Arrayed waveguide grating spectrometers for astronomical applications: new results

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