Ultra-Wideband Millimeter-Wave Dielectric Characteristics of Freshly Excised Normal and Malignant Human Skin Tissues

Mirbeik-Sabzevari, Amir; Ashinoff, Robin; Tavassolian, Negar

doi:10.1109/tbme.2017.2749371

Cited by 70 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…where B is the system bandwidth and c is the speed of light in the target medium. Based on (1), it is suggested that to achieve an axial resolution of 200 μm in human skin tissue (with effective dielectric permittivity of 20 [18] ), an ultrawide imaging bandwidth of ~100 GHz is required [14].…”

Section: B Bandwidth and Aperture Size Requirements For High-resolution Imaging Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

15–40 GHz and 40–110 GHz Double-Ridge Open-Ended Waveguide Antennas for Ultra-Wideband Medical Imaging Applications

Mirzaee

Mirbeik-Sabzevari

Tavassolian

2021

IEEE Open J. Antennas Propag.

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This paper presents the design, fabrication, and measurement of two ultra-wideband double-ridge open-ended waveguide antennas (OEWAs) for emerging high-resolution millimeter-wave (mm-wave) medical imaging applications. The proposed antennas can collectively provide a 95-GHz synthetic imaging bandwidth in the mm-wave regime. The antennas feature the smallest aperture sizes while providing the widest bandwidths amongst all OEWAs reported in the literature. The proposed antennas consist of coaxial to double-ridge waveguide (DRW) transitions and free-space matching sections. Two DRWs with 8:1 single-mode bandwidth in the mm-wave regime are designed. In the transition structures, coaxial flange launchers are connected to the DRWs through customized 50-Ω coaxial lines. To improve the impedance matching while meeting the fabrication requirements, an effective tuning technique is applied to adjust the input impedance of the transitions. Finally, to achieve a smooth transition and a well-matched impedance to the free space while maintaining small aperture sizes, piecewise tapered-ridge matching sections with the same aperture size as that of the designed DRWs are employed. The antennas are fabricated using the computer numerical control (CNC) milling process. Each antenna demonstrates |S 11 | < -10 dB and stable and symmetric radiation patterns across 15-40 GHz and 40-110 GHz with aperture sizes of 9.47×5.79 mm 2 and 3.78×2.27 mm 2 , respectively, reporting state-of-the-art results. Index Terms-Double-ridge waveguide (DRW), millimeter-wave (mm-wave) antennas, open-ended waveguide antennas (OEWAs), ultra-wideband antennas. This work Double-ridge rectangular 9.47 × 5.79 15 -40 90.9 This work Double-ridge rectangular 3.78 × 2.27 40 -110 93.3 θ c θ c θ c |S 11 | (dB) Frequency (GHz)

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Section: B Bandwidth and Aperture Size Requirements For High-resolution Imaging Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

15–40 GHz and 40–110 GHz Double-Ridge Open-Ended Waveguide Antennas for Ultra-Wideband Medical Imaging Applications

Mirzaee

Mirbeik-Sabzevari

Tavassolian

2021

IEEE Open J. Antennas Propag.

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“…Present investigations carried out through 60 on healthy and unhealthy skin tissues were gathered from skin cancer patients to measure dielectric properties at restricted frequency range of 0.5 to 50 GHz by comprehensive dielectric spectroscopy which is used for the first time to characterize the ultra‐wideband dielectric properties of freshly‐excised normal and malignant skin tissues. To estimate the effects of malignancy on the dielectric properties of the samples a multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) is applied.…”

Section: Dielectric Properties Of Skin Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Dielectric spectroscopy signature for cancer diagnosis: A review

Fahmy

Hamad

Sayed

et al. 2020

Micro & Optical Tech Letters

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The effective clinical management of cancer is entirely dependent on the detection at a suitable early time as well as on the proper diagnosis. The main aim of this review is to survey the applications of dielectric spectroscopy in the clinical cancer diagnosis and distinguishing between normal and tumor tissues. This review focuses on the recognition of the biophysical properties of normal and malignant tissues and also of biophysical changes elicited by cancers comprising (breast, liver, thyroid gland, lung, skin, bladder, uterine and ovarian, lung, and prostate) tumors. These biophysical changes are often produced because of the difference in tissue composition, blood flow, and architecture between normal and malignant cells. From the literature, it has been observed that

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“…It can quickly detect the dielectric properties of tissues, and there are no excessive requirements on the size, shape or physical form of the sample. [28][29][30][31] It has the advantages of being simple, fast, easy to operate, and noninvasive. Therefore, we chose frequencies of 1~4000 MHz to explore the dielectric properties of thyroid tissue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We used the open‐ended coaxial line method, which is a common method for measuring the dielectric properties of human tissues. It can quickly detect the dielectric properties of tissues, and there are no excessive requirements on the size, shape or physical form of the sample 28–31 . It has the advantages of being simple, fast, easy to operate, and noninvasive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in the dielectric properties of various benign and malignant thyroid nodules

Huang¹,

Cai²,

Han³

et al. 2020

Medical Physics

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This experiment was conducted to investigate the dielectric properties of different types of thyroid nodules. Our goal was to find a simple and fast method to detect thyroid diseases at different stages from the dielectric properties of thyroid nodules. Methods: We used the open-ended coaxial line method to measure the dielectric permittivities of thyroid tissues from 155 patients at frequencies ranging from 1 to 4000 MHz. Tissues that were investigated included normal thyroid tissue and benign and malignant thyroid nodules (nodular goiter, follicular adenoma, papillary carcinoma, and follicular carcinoma), as determined from pathological reports. Differences in dielectric properties were measured between each nodule and the surrounding 1 cm of tissue. Results: The analysis results revealed that the dielectric permittivity and conductivity values were positively correlated with the degree of malignancy of the nodule (normal < benign < malignant; all differences P < 0.05). This was more obvious at frequencies within 20~70 MHz, following the order normal tissue < nodular goiter < follicular adenoma < papillary carcinoma < follicular carcinoma. A significant difference (P < 0.05) in dielectric permittivity and conductivity was found when comparing these nodules with the surrounding 1 cm of tissue. Conclusions: Normal, benign, and malignant nodules were successfully distinguished from one another, and dielectric permittivity was found to be a more sensitive parameter than conductivity. In particular, different disease types can be distinguished at a stimulation frequency of 20~70 MHz, which shows that dielectric properties have application prospects for the detection and diagnosis of cancer. At the same time, the dielectric parameter differences between the surrounding 1 cm of tissue and the diseased nodule can distinguish the tumor and its surrounding tissues in real time during surgery to determine the tumor boundary.

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Ultra-Wideband Millimeter-Wave Dielectric Characteristics of Freshly Excised Normal and Malignant Human Skin Tissues

Cited by 70 publications

References 29 publications

15–40 GHz and 40–110 GHz Double-Ridge Open-Ended Waveguide Antennas for Ultra-Wideband Medical Imaging Applications

15–40 GHz and 40–110 GHz Double-Ridge Open-Ended Waveguide Antennas for Ultra-Wideband Medical Imaging Applications

Dielectric spectroscopy signature for cancer diagnosis: A review

Differences in the dielectric properties of various benign and malignant thyroid nodules

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