Ultra-thin light-weight laser-induced-graphene (LIG) diffractive optics

Abstract

The realization of hybrid optics could be one of the best ways to fulfill the technological requirements of compact, light-weight, and multi-functional optical systems for modern industries. Planar diffractive lens (PDL) such as diffractive lenses, photonsieves, and metasurfaces can be patterned on ultra-thin flexible and stretchable substrates and be conformally attached on top of arbitrarily shaped surfaces. In this review, we introduce recent research works addressed to the design and manufacturing of ultra-thin graphene optics, which will open new markets in compact and light-weight optics for next-generation endoscopic brain imaging, space internet, real-time surface profilometry, and multi-functional mobile phones. To provide higher design flexibility, lower process complexity, and chemical-free process with reasonable investment cost, direct laser writing (DLW) of laser-induced-graphene (LIG) is actively being applied to the patterning of PDL. For realizing the best optical performances in DLW, photon-material interactions have been studied in detail with respect to different laser parameters; the resulting optical characteristics have been evaluated in terms of amplitude and phase. A series of exemplary laser-written 1D and 2D PDL structures have been actively demonstrated with different base materials, and then, the cases are being expanded to plasmonic and holographic structures. The combination of these ultra-thin and light-weight PDL with conventional bulk refractive or reflective optical elements could bring together the advantages of each optical element. By integrating these suggestions, we suggest a way to realize the hybrid PDL to be used in the future micro-electronics surface inspection, biomedical, outer space, and extended reality (XR) industries.

Technological trends in medical robotic sensing with soft electronic skin

“…Laser technology is widely used in the field of flexible material manufacturing and can be used for the fabrication of bio-sensors, soft electronic devices and e-skin. 98–103 In a recent study, three-dimensional integrated electronic devices made of elastomers were reported, where laser ablation and controlled soldering were used to create vertical interconnect accesses (VIA). The pattern designs of the electrodes, heaters, and VIA connectors were all fabricated using the laser ablation technique (Fig.…”

A laser-induced zinc oxide/graphene photoelectrode for a photocurrent-polarity-switching photoelectrochemical biosensor with bipedal DNA walker amplification

“…In comparison to other methods, the LDW method opens up new ideas for the synthesis of photoactive materials owing to its low cost, chemical-free process, and absence of a mask for custom patterning. 26 The LDW method is simple and convenient and can simultaneously synthesize LIG and metal oxides in situ on electrodes via the action of laser beam without a template. 27…”

Ultralong, High Aspect Ratio Graphene Nanoribbon Arrays Fabricated by Laser Interference Lithography: Implications for Integrated Nanocircuits

“…Graphene with excellent electrical, mechanical, and thermal performance has drawn tremendous attention in nanoscale electronic devices. − Among its numerous analogues, graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) are highly expected in nanoelectronics and sensors. − Especially, high sensitivity to external stimuli has been demonstrated in low dimensional ultralong GNRs with large aspect ratios, , which show great potential in developing high performance devices. However, achieving a nanoribbon structure with designed geometry can be quite challenging due to the difficulty in energy or mass control at small scale.…”