“…These works have highlighted complex energy landscapes, characteristics exploited to propagate complexity in elemental and molecular thin films [10,11,12]. For specific systems and under particular growth conditions, CMA have also been formed voluntarily or fortuitously as surface alloys [13]. We can refer for instance to the formation of Al 4 Cu 9 while aiming to form single element thin films on quasicrystalline and approximant surfaces [14,15,16].…”