Ultra-structural organisation of cell wall polymers in normal and tension wood of aspen revealed by polarisation FTIR microspectroscopy

Olsson, Anne-Mari; Bjurhager, Ingela; Gerber, Lorenz; Sundberg, Björn; Salmén, Lennart

doi:10.1007/s00425-011-1384-1

Cited by 46 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Even after lengthy molecular dynamics trajectories, of up to 5 ns in duration, the three branched segment models continued to exhibit a significant tendency towards oblique alignment of the xylan End2End vector with respect to the cellulose chain axis direction. These results are well in line with what is known about the orientation of xylan in native wood, where it was shown by polarized infrared that xylan had a parallel orientation with respect to the orientation of cellulose in the cell wall of either red maple (Marchessault and Liang 1962), spruce (Stevanic and Salmen 2009) or hybrid aspen (Olsson et al 2011).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

The molecular basis of the adsorption of xylans on cellulose surface

Mazeau

Charlier

2012

Cellulose

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In order to model the adsorption of xylan on cellulose, we have simulated, at the atomic level, the gas phase adsorption of small xylan fragments having 5 skeletal b (1 ? 4) xylosyl residues (X 5 ), using molecular dynamics simulations. A first regime was considered, corresponding to a low surface coverage, with the adsorption of isolated X 5 in various initial orientations. In this regime, the simulation indicated that X 5 moved toward extended conformations, some of them being helical, with the possibility of either 2 1 or left-handed 3 1 helices. During the simulation, the X 5 fragments became preferentially oriented, parallel or anti parallel with respect to the cellulose chain axis. Substitution of the X 5 backbone by either GlcA and/or Araf side chains had no major influence on either the conformation or the efficiency of the interaction. However, the presence of side chains favored orientations of the X 5 backbone inclined with respect to the cellulose chain axis. In a second regime corresponding to monolayer coverage, the geometrical features of the adsorption of the xylan fragments on cellulose was roughly the same as that in the individual coverage situation. In this case, the monolayer became equilibrated at 0.14 g of xylan fragments for each g of cellulose, a figure that compared favourably with the values obtained in experimental adsorption of xylan on bacterial cellulose.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

The molecular basis of the adsorption of xylans on cellulose surface

Mazeau

Charlier

2012

Cellulose

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“…In each spectrum, specific absorption peaks related to the different wood polymers are indicated, viz. cellulose 1,160, 1,316, 1,370 and 1,424 cm -1 , glucomannan 810 cm With a similar approach of polarisation FT-IR, the cell wall architecture of hybrid aspen wood (normal wood and tension wood) was elucidated (Olsson et al 2011). Also hardwood cell walls follow a highly organised and oriented structural pattern with the xylan and lignin showing an even higher degree of orientation along the fibre direction than in softwoods.…”

Section: Cell Wall Polymer Orientationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microspectroscopy as applied to the study of wood molecular structure

Fackler

Thygesen

2012

Wood Sci Technol

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Microspectroscopy gives access to spatially resolved information on the molecular structure and chemical composition of a material. For a highly heterogeneous and anisotropic material like wood, such information is essential when assessing structure/property relationships such as moisture-induced dimensional changes, decay resistance or mechanical properties. It is, however, important to choose the right technique for the purpose at hand and to apply it in a suitable way if any new insights are to be gained. This review presents and compares three different microspectroscopic techniques: infrared, Raman and ultraviolet. Issues such as sample preparation, spatial resolution, data acquisition and extraction of knowledge from the spectral data are discussed. Additionally, an overview of applications in wood science is given for each method. Lastly, current trends and challenges within microspectroscopy of wood are discussed.

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“…However, strong up-regulation of FLA11-and FLA12-like AGPs during flax fiber development (Roach and Deyholos, 2007) suggests that this form of AG-II is also present in flax. The relationship between AG-II and RG-I, both of which are potential sources of carboxylic acid residues observed by dynamic Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in aspen TW (Olsson et al, 2011), remains to be determined.…”

Section: Differences and Similarities Between Flax And Aspen Gelatinomentioning

confidence: 99%

Aspen tension wood fibers contain β-(1→4)-galactans and acidic arabinogalactans retained by cellulose microfibrils in gelatinous walls

et al. 2015

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Contractile cell walls are found in various plant organs and tissues such as tendrils, contractile roots, and tension wood. The tension-generating mechanism is not known but is thought to involve special cell wall architecture. We previously postulated that tension could result from the entrapment of certain matrix polymers within cellulose microfibrils. As reported here, this hypothesis was corroborated by sequential extraction and analysis of cell wall polymers that are retained by cellulose microfibrils in tension wood and normal wood of hybrid aspen (Populus tremula 3 Populus tremuloides). b-(1→4)-Galactan and type II arabinogalactan were the main large matrix polymers retained by cellulose microfibrils that were specifically found in tension wood. Xyloglucan was detected mostly in oligomeric form in the alkali-labile fraction and was enriched in tension wood. b-(1→4)-Galactan and rhamnogalacturonan I backbone epitopes were localized in the gelatinous cell wall layer. Type II arabinogalactans retained by cellulose microfibrils had a higher content of (methyl)glucuronic acid and galactose in tension wood than in normal wood. Thus, b-(1→4)-galactan and a specialized form of type II arabinogalactan are trapped by cellulose microfibrils specifically in tension wood and, thus, are the main candidate polymers for the generation of tensional stresses by the entrapment mechanism. We also found high b-galactosidase activity accompanying tension wood differentiation and propose a testable hypothesis that such activity might regulate galactan entrapment and, thus, mechanical properties of cell walls in tension wood.

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Ultra-structural organisation of cell wall polymers in normal and tension wood of aspen revealed by polarisation FTIR microspectroscopy

Cited by 46 publications

References 30 publications

The molecular basis of the adsorption of xylans on cellulose surface

The molecular basis of the adsorption of xylans on cellulose surface

Microspectroscopy as applied to the study of wood molecular structure

Aspen tension wood fibers contain β-(1→4)-galactans and acidic arabinogalactans retained by cellulose microfibrils in gelatinous walls

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