Ultra-sharp metal and nanotube-based probes for applications in scanning microscopy and neural recording

Borzenets, Ivan; Yoon, In-Ho; Prior, M. M.; Donald, Bruce Randall; Mooney, Richard; Finkelstein, Gleb

doi:10.1063/1.3702802

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…This task can be accomplished in several ways. One is by taking advantage of the fact that parameters such as the conical shapes or apex radii can be engineered for etched wire tips 55,56 . Other routes can be provided by 'tilting' the light line dispersion by using thin cover layers of high dielectric permittivity such as SrTiO 3 , or by using hyperspectral near-field imaging extended to the THz range 57 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Josephson plasma waves in a high-temperature superconductor

Bollinger

et al. 2020

npj Quantum Mater.

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Electron density oscillations with acoustic dispersions and sustained at boundaries between different media provide information about surface and interface properties of heterostructures. In ultrathin metallic films these plasmonic excitations are heavily damped. Superconductivity is predicted to reduce dissipation allowing detection of these resonances. Emerging low-loss interface Cooper-pair waves have been studied before, however, the observation of surface-confined Josephson plasmons in highly anisotropic superconductors has remained elusive. Here, we report on generation and coupling to these excitations in an ultrathin single-crystal film of high-temperature superconductor La1.85Sr0.15CuO4. The film becomes brighter than Au below the critical temperature when probed with sub-gap THz photons. We show that the enhanced signal in the superconducting state, which can be visualized with a spatial resolution better than λ/3000, originates from near-field coupling of light to surface Josephson plasmons. Our results open a path towards non-invasive investigation of enhanced superconductivity in artificial multilayers, buried interface states in topological heterostructures, and non-linear phenomena in Josephson devices.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Josephson plasma waves in a high-temperature superconductor

Bollinger

et al. 2020

npj Quantum Mater.

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“…The electrochemical etching process was described previously [19]. MWCNTs (outer diameter 8–15 nm, 95 wt%) were purchased from Cheap Tubes.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intracellular Neural Recording with Pure Carbon Nanotube Probes

et al. 2013

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The computational complexity of the brain depends in part on a neuron’s capacity to integrate electrochemical information from vast numbers of synaptic inputs. The measurements of synaptic activity that are crucial for mechanistic understanding of brain function are also challenging, because they require intracellular recording methods to detect and resolve millivolt- scale synaptic potentials. Although glass electrodes are widely used for intracellular recordings, novel electrodes with superior mechanical and electrical properties are desirable, because they could extend intracellular recording methods to challenging environments, including long term recordings in freely behaving animals. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) can theoretically deliver this advance, but the difficulty of assembling CNTs has limited their application to a coating layer or assembly on a planar substrate, resulting in electrodes that are more suitable for in vivo extracellular recording or extracellular recording from isolated cells. Here we show that a novel, yet remarkably simple, millimeter-long electrode with a sub-micron tip, fabricated from self-entangled pure CNTs can be used to obtain intracellular and extracellular recordings from vertebrate neurons in vitro and in vivo. This fabrication technology provides a new method for assembling intracellular electrodes from CNTs, affording a promising opportunity to harness nanotechnology for neuroscience applications.

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“…Due to the well-defined geometry, the fabricated nanotips have been used for rigorous study of a working principle on a nanotip surface [ 6 , 7 , 8 ]. A sharp nanotip can also be fabricated by pulling a tungsten wire in liquid or isotropic etching ( Figure 1 b) [ 9 , 10 , 11 ]. Nanofabrication process is employed to fabricate a sharp nanotip on planar surface ( Figure 1 c) [ 12 , 13 ].…”

Section: Nanostructured Tip Bio-sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanostructured Tip-Shaped Biosensors: Application of Six Sigma Approach for Enhanced Manufacturing

Kahng

Kim

Chung

2016

Sensors

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Nanostructured tip-shaped biosensors have drawn attention for biomolecule detection as they are promising for highly sensitive and specific detection of a target analyte. Using a nanostructured tip, the sensitivity is increased to identify individual molecules because of the high aspect ratio structure. Various detection methods, such as electrochemistry, fluorescence microcopy, and Raman spectroscopy, have been attempted to enhance the sensitivity and the specificity. Due to the confined path of electrons, electrochemical measurement using a nanotip enables the detection of single molecules. When an electric field is combined with capillary action and fluid flow, target molecules can be effectively concentrated onto a nanotip surface for detection. To enhance the concentration efficacy, a dendritic nanotip rather than a single tip could be used to detect target analytes, such as nanoparticles, cells, and DNA. However, reproducible fabrication with relation to specific detection remains a challenge due to the instability of a manufacturing method, resulting in inconsistent shape. In this paper, nanostructured biosensors are reviewed with our experimental results using dendritic nanotips for sequence specific detection of DNA. By the aid of the Six Sigma approach, the fabrication yield of dendritic nanotips increases from 20.0% to 86.6%. Using the nanotips, DNA is concentrated and detected in a sequence specific way with the detection limit equivalent to 1000 CFU/mL. The pros and cons of a nanotip biosensor are evaluated in conjunction with future prospects.

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Ultra-sharp metal and nanotube-based probes for applications in scanning microscopy and neural recording

Cited by 15 publications

References 24 publications

Surface Josephson plasma waves in a high-temperature superconductor

Surface Josephson plasma waves in a high-temperature superconductor

Intracellular Neural Recording with Pure Carbon Nanotube Probes

Nanostructured Tip-Shaped Biosensors: Application of Six Sigma Approach for Enhanced Manufacturing

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