Ultra-sensitive refractive index sensing enabled by a dramatic ellipsometric phase change at the band edge in a one-dimensional photonic crystal

Wu, Feng; Liu, De Jun; Li, Yan; Li, Hongju

doi:10.1364/oe.469043

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…After obtaining the wavelength changes of two modes, we can use equation (8) to calculate the corresponding changes in RI and T. Table 1 compares the sensing capabilities of our proposed sensor with those of previously published silicon-based sensors. It can be seen that the resonance peak of four modes of this structure is insensitive to temperature fluctuations but sensitive to RI changes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Refractive index (RI) sensing has a wide range of applications in biochemical analysis [1,2], food safety monitoring [3,4], and environmental detection [5,6]. Recently, the sensing performance has been improved by exploiting photonical nanostructures such as photonic crystals [7,8], metasurfaces [9,10], and high-contrast gratings [11][12][13]. Among them, * Author to whom any correspondence should be addressed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Robust high-Q quasi-BICs in double-layer high-contrast metagrating with temperature self-compensation for refractive index sensing

Sun,

Hu,

et al. 2024

J. Opt.

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We propose a double-layer high-contrast metagrating structure with robust high-quality (Q) and temperature self-compensation for four-band refractive index sensing. The structure supports four-band symmetry-protected bound states in the continuum (SP-BICs) that transform into quasi-BICs as a result of structural symmetry breaking. However, the Q-factor of these quasi-BICs are limited by perturbation parameters, hampering practical fabrication. Interestingly, tuning the cavity length, we implement four-band Fabry–Pérot bound states in the continuum (FP-BICs) to transform the resonance mode back into high-Q quasi-BICs even at large perturbations. This approach is conducive to improving robustness and modulation freedom of Q-factors. In addition, we achieve temperature self-compensation by using the double-layer high-contrast metagrating consists of two materials with opposite thermo-optic (TO) dispersions. The simulation results indicate that the largest refractive index sensitivity is 470.9 nm/RIU, its figure of merit is 427818.2, and its Q-factor up to 9.3×105. The proposed double-layer high-contrast metagrating has potential application prospects for multiplex and high-performance sensing.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Robust high-Q quasi-BICs in double-layer high-contrast metagrating with temperature self-compensation for refractive index sensing

Sun,

Hu,

et al. 2024

J. Opt.

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“…Designs and realizations can be extended to MDSs supporting BSWs, which are characterized by a superior sensitivity and FOM, representing an effective alternative to other optical sensors. Moreover, based on the most recent theoretical results [34], phase response measurements can be extended using a setup not including a coupling prism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

One-Dimensional Photonic Crystals with Different Termination Layer Thicknesses and Very Narrow Bloch Surface Wave and Guided Wave Based Resonances for Sensing Applications

et al. 2022

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We demonstrate an efficient sensing of both gaseous and aqueous analytes utilizing Bloch surface waves (BSWs) and guided waves (GWs) excited on a truncated one-dimensional photonic crystal (1DPhC) composed of six TiO2/SiO2 bilayers with a termination layer of TiO2. For the gaseous analytes, we show that 1DPhC can support the GW excited by an s-polarized wave and the theoretical shift of the resonance wavelength is linear for small changes in the analyte refractive index (RI), giving a constant RI sensitivity of 87 nm per RI unit (RIU). In addition, for the aqueous analytes, the GW excited by s-polarized and BSW by p-polarized waves can be resolved and exploited for sensing applications. We compare two designed and realized 1DPhCs with termination layer thicknesses of 60 nm and 50 nm, respectively, and show experimentally the differences in their very narrow reflectance and phase responses. An RI sensitivity and figure of merit as high as 544.3 nm/RIU and 303 RIU−1, respectively, are obtained for the smaller thickness when both s- and p-polarized BSWs are excited. This is the first demonstration of both very deep BSW-based resonances in two orthogonal polarizations and a very narrow resonance in one of them.

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“…Assisted by the dramatic ellipsometric phase change at the long-wavelength band edge, the minimal resolution of the designed sensor reached 9.28 × 10 −8 RIU. This refractive index measurement method was suitable for monitoring the temperature, humidity, pressure, and concentration of biological analytes in a laboratory environment [21]. In 2023, G. Li et al proposed a seawater salinity sensor array, based on a micro/nanofiber Bragg grating (MNFBG) structure, for which the salinity sensitivity for the two cascaded sensor arrays was 8.39 pm/‰ and 7.71 pm/‰, while the temperature sensitivity was 8.28 pm/ • C and 8.03 pm/ • C. This method was suitable for refractive index measurements of marine samples in a laboratory environment [22,23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Sensitivity Seawater Refraction Index Optical Measurement Sensor Based on a Position-Sensitive Detector

Zhou,

Li,

Zhou

et al. 2024

Sensors

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The refractive index of seawater is one of the essential parameters in ocean observation, so it is necessary to achieve high-precision seawater refractive index measurements. In this paper, we propose a method for measuring the refractive index of seawater, based on a position-sensitive detector (PSD). A theoretical model was established to depict the correlation between laser spot displacement and refractive index change, utilizing a combination of a position-sensitive detector and laser beam deflection principles. Based on this optical measurement method, a seawater refractive index measurement system was established. To effectively enhance the sensitivity of refractive index detection, a focusing lens was incorporated into the optical path of the measuring system, and simulations were conducted to investigate the impact of focal length on refractive index sensitivity. The calibration experiment of the measuring system was performed based on the relationship between the refractive index of seawater and underwater pressure (depth). By measuring laser spot displacement at different depths, changes in displacement, with respect to both refractive index and depth, were determined. The experimental results demonstrate that the system exhibits a sensitivity of 9.93×10−9 RIU (refractive index unit), and the refractive index deviation due to stability is calculated as ±7.54×10−9 RIU. Therefore, the feasibility of this highly sensitive measurement of seawater refractive index is verified. Since the sensitivity of the refractive index measurement of this measurement system is higher than the refractive index change caused by the wake of underwater vehicles, it can also be used in various applications for underwater vehicle wake measurement, as well as seawater refractive index measurement, such as the motion state monitoring of underwater navigation targets such as AUVs and ROVs.

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Ultra-sensitive refractive index sensing enabled by a dramatic ellipsometric phase change at the band edge in a one-dimensional photonic crystal

Cited by 7 publications

References 62 publications

Robust high-Q quasi-BICs in double-layer high-contrast metagrating with temperature self-compensation for refractive index sensing

Robust high-Q quasi-BICs in double-layer high-contrast metagrating with temperature self-compensation for refractive index sensing

One-Dimensional Photonic Crystals with Different Termination Layer Thicknesses and Very Narrow Bloch Surface Wave and Guided Wave Based Resonances for Sensing Applications

High-Sensitivity Seawater Refraction Index Optical Measurement Sensor Based on a Position-Sensitive Detector

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