Ultra-sensitive graphene membranes for microphone applications

Baglioni, Gabriele; Pezone, Roberto; Vollebregt, Sten; Cvetanovic, Katarina; Spasenović, Marko; Todorović, Dejan; Liu, Hanqing; Verbiest, Gerard J.; Zant, Herre S. J. van der; y,; Steeneken, Peter G.

doi:10.48550/arxiv.2211.03369

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

References 33 publications

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“…Along with this comes a massively reduced effective mass, increased resonance frequencies, easily accessible non-linearity, and the ability to tune resonance frequencies [9]. This technological boost allows using such resonators as sensors for light [10], magnetic fields [11,12], sound [6,[13][14][15], gases [6,16] or even to study live bacteria [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanomechanical absorption spectroscopy of 2D materials with femtowatt sensitivity

Kirchhof

Yagodkin

et al. 2023

2D Mater.

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Nanomechanical spectroscopy (NMS) is a recently developed approach to determine optical absorption spectra of nanoscale materials via mechanical measurements. It is based on measuring changes in the resonance frequency of a membrane resonator vs. the photon energy of incoming light. This method is a direct measurement of absorption, which has practical advantages compared to common optical spectroscopy approaches. In the case of two-dimensional (2D) materials, NMS overcomes limitations inherent to conventional optical methods, such as the complications associated with measurements at high magnetic fields and low temperatures. In this work, we develop a protocol for NMS of 2D materials that yields two orders of magnitude improved sensitivity compared to previous approaches, while being simpler to use. To this end, we use electrical sample actuation, which simplifies the experiment and provides a reliable calibration for greater accuracy. Additionally, the use of low-stress silicon nitride membranes as our substrate reduces the noise-equivalent power to NEP = 890 fW/√Hz, comparable to commercial semiconductor photodetectors. We use our approach to spectroscopically characterize a two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide (WS2), a layered magnetic semiconductor (CrPS4), and a plasmonic supercrystal consisting of gold nanoparticles.

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