Ultra‐<scp>M</scp>arathon <scp>R</scp>unners <scp>A</scp>re <scp>D</scp>ifferent: <scp>I</scp>nvestigations into <scp>P</scp>ain <scp>T</scp>olerance and <scp>P</scp>ersonality <scp>T</scp>raits of <scp>P</scp>articipants of the TransEurope FootRace 2009

Freund, Wolfgang; Weber, Frank; Billich, Christian; Birklein, Frank; Breimhorst, Markus; Schuetz, U.

doi:10.1111/papr.12039

Cited by 64 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…This may be the result of the coping strategies related to pain, e.g., it was found that ignoring pain significantly attenuated the negative effect of pain intensity on athletes' inclination to play through pain (Deroche, Woodman, Stephan, Brewer, & Le Scanff, 2011). Moreover, it was found that ultra-marathon runners differ from controls without marathon experience not only in pain tolerance but also in personality traits (e.g., runners are less cooperative and reward dependent) which correlates with pain tolerance (Freund et al, 2013).…”

mentioning

confidence: 94%

Memory of pain induced by physical exercise

Bąbel

2015

Memory

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The aim of this study was to assess the memory of pain induced by running a marathon and the factors that influence it. Sixty-two marathon runners participated in the study, which comprised two phases. Immediately after a participant had reached the finishing line of the marathon, they were asked to rate the intensity and the unpleasantness of their pain and the emotions they felt at that time. Either three or six months later they were asked again to rate the intensity and the unpleasantness of the same pain experience. Regardless of the length of recall delay, participants underestimated both recalled pain intensity and unpleasantness. The pain and negative affect reported at the time of the pain experience accounted for 24% of the total variance in predicting recalled pain intensity and 22% of the total variance in predicting recalled pain unpleasantness. Positive affect at the time of pain experience was not a significant predictor of both the recalled pain intensity and pain unpleasantness. It is concluded that pain induced by physical exercise is not remembered accurately and the pain and negative affect experienced influence recall. Further research is needed on the influence of positive affect on the memory of pain.

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confidence: 94%

Memory of pain induced by physical exercise

Bąbel

2015

Memory

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“…In consequence, higher pain tolerance in athletes might distort the perceived scale of an injury or damage. It may also considerably limit regeneration of damaged tissues, leading to permanent physical [14] and mental overload as a result of a longlasting stressful situation. Such situations are inherent in sport activity, and coping with them is a way of reacting to stress.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity to pain and strategies of coping with stress in combat athletes

Leźnicka¹,

Starkowska²,

Lulinska³

et al. 2017

BJHPA

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Background: The aim of the study was to assess the perception of pain (threshold and tolerance to pain of the combat athletes in comparison to those not practicing any sport and checking whether there is a correlation between the pain perception and strategies for coping with stress in both studied groups.Material/Methods: The study was conducted on 273 healthy men. The test group consisted of 203 athletes; the control group consisted of 70 students from the Faculty of Physical Culture, University of Szczecin. The test of the threshold and pain tolerance was performed using an algometer manufactured by Quirumed Company. To assess strategies of coping with stress, the Inventory Measuring Coping Skills -Mini-Cope was used.Results: Thetestresultsoffeelingpainatrestshowedthattheathletesachievedsignificantlyhigher threshold and pain tolerance compared to non-athletes. Combat athletes often deal with the problem in a proactive manner.Conclusions: Compared to the control group, athletes have less sensitivity to pain. Compared with nonathletes, athletes are more likely to cope with stress in an active way and reveal stronger tendency to see positive sides of a problem.

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“…Unfortunately, aspects such as nutrition (Dempster et al 2013; Knechtle et al 2008b), fluid metabolism (Knechtle et al 2008b), sleep and sleep deprivation (Knechtle et al 2012b; Lahart et al 2013), recovery (Neubauer et al 2008), pain tolerance (Freund et al 2013), association between anthropometry and performance (Knechtle et al 2010), changes in body composition (Herbst et al 2011; Knechtle et al 2008a, [b]; Mueller et al 2013; Schütz et al 2013), and overuse injuries of the lower limbs (Freund et al 2012) were not included.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison of performance of Deca Iron and Triple Deca Iron ultra-triathletes

et al. 2014

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This study intended to compare the performance of ultra-triathletes competing in a Deca Iron ultra-triathlon (i.e. 10 times 3.8 km swimming, 180 km cycling, and 42.2 km running) with the performance of athletes competing in a Triple Deca Iron ultra-triathlon (i.e. 30 times 3.8 km swimming, 180 km cycling, and 42.2 km running). Split and overall race times of six male finishers in a Deca Iron ultra-triathlon and eight male finishers in a Triple Deca Iron ultra-triathlon were analysed using multiple t-tests, linear and non-linear regression analyses, and analysis of variance. Among the 19 starters (i.e. 17 men and two women) in the Deca Iron ultra-triathlon, six men (i.e. 35.3% of all starters) finished the race. The mean swimming, cycling, running and overall race times of the six finishers across the ten days were 1:19 ± 0:09 h:min, 6:36 ± 0:19 h:min, 6:03 ± 0:47 h:min and 14:44 ± 1:17 h:min, respectively. The times of the split disciplines and overall race time increased linearly across the ten days. Total transition times did not change significantly across the days and were equals to 48 ± 8 min. Among the 22 starters (i.e. 20 men and two women) in the Triple Deca Iron ultra-triathlon, eight men (i.e. 36.4% of all starters) finished. The mean swimming, cycling, running and overall race times of the eight finishers across the 30 days were 1:11 ± 0:07 h:min, 6:19 ± 0:32 h:min, 5:34 ± 1:15 h:min and 13:44 ± 1:50 h:min, respectively. Split and overall race times showed no change across the 30 days. Total transition times showed no change across the days and were equal to 41 ± 11 min. To summarize, the daily performance decreased across the ten days for the Deca Iron ultra-triathletes (i.e. positive pacing) while it remained unchanged across the 30 days for the Triple Deca Iron ultra-triathletes (i.e. even pacing).

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Ultra‐Marathon Runners Are Different: Investigations into Pain Tolerance and Personality Traits of Participants of the TransEurope FootRace 2009

Cited by 64 publications

References 42 publications

Memory of pain induced by physical exercise

Memory of pain induced by physical exercise

Sensitivity to pain and strategies of coping with stress in combat athletes

A comparison of performance of Deca Iron and Triple Deca Iron ultra-triathletes

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