Ultra-relativistic bubbles from the simplest Higgs portal and their cosmological consequences

Azatov, Aleksandr; Barni, Giulio; Chakraborty, Sabyasachi; Vanvlasselaer, Miguel; Yin, Wen

doi:10.1007/jhep10(2022)017

Cited by 31 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…[214] (and possibly the issues that motivated appendix A of ref. [215]) which we also experienced. We suspect issues associated with evaluating the action are more prevalent than the lack of such reports would suggest.…”

Section: Jcap03(2023)006mentioning

confidence: 55%

Supercool subtleties of cosmological phase transitions

Athron

Balázs

Morris

2023

J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys.

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We investigate rarely explored details of supercooled cosmological first-order phase transitions at the electroweak scale, which may lead to strong gravitational wave signals or explain the cosmic baryon asymmetry. The nucleation temperature is often used in phase transition analyses, and is defined through the nucleation condition: on average one bubble has nucleated per Hubble volume. We argue that the nucleation temperature is neither a fundamental nor essential quantity in phase transition analysis. We illustrate scenarios where a transition can complete without satisfying the nucleation condition, and conversely where the nucleation condition is satisfied but the transition does not complete. We also find that simple nucleation heuristics, which are defined to approximate the nucleation temperature, break down for strong supercooling. Thus, studies that rely on the nucleation temperature — approximated or otherwise — may misclassify the completion of a transition. Further, we find that the nucleation temperature decouples from the progress of the transition for strong supercooling. We advocate use of the percolation temperature as a reference temperature for gravitational wave production, because the percolation temperature is directly connected to transition progress and the collision of bubbles. Finally, we provide model-independent bounds on the bubble wall velocity that allow one to predict whether a transition completes based only on knowledge of the bounce action curve. We apply our methods to find empirical bounds on the bubble wall velocity for which the physical volume of the false vacuum decreases during the transition. We verify the accuracy of our predictions using benchmarks from a high temperature expansion of the Standard Model and from the real scalar singlet model.

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Section: Jcap03(2023)006mentioning

confidence: 55%

Supercool subtleties of cosmological phase transitions

Athron

Balázs

Morris

2023

J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys.

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“…Then the dominant DM relic abundance may be produced non-adiabatically when light φ quanta enter the bubbles, as we consider here. The probability of DM pair production reads [43][44][45] 1…”

Section: Non-adiabatically Produced Dmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We therefore consider the DM production scenario introduced by Azatov, Vanvlasselaer, and Yin; during a PT in which a scalar gains a VEV v φ , DM with mass m DM ≫ v φ is produced non-adiabatically across the bubble wall [43][44][45]. The DM is produced with a large Lorentz factor in the original plasma frame, which when redshifted leads to a non-negligible v(t eq ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hot and heavy dark matter from a weak scale phase transition

2023

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We point out that dark matter which is produced non-adiabatically in a phase transition (PT) with fast bubble walls receives a boost in velocity which leads to long free-streaming lengths. We find that this could be observed via the suppressed matter power spectrum for dark matter masses around \mathbf{ 10^8 - 10^9}108-109 GeV and energy scales of the PT around \mathbf{ 10^{2} - 10^3}102-103 GeV. The PT should take place at the border of the supercooled regime, i.e. approximately when the Universe becomes vacuum dominated. This work offers novel physics goals for galaxy surveys, Lyman-\alphaɑ, stellar stream, lensing, and 21-cm observations, and connects these to the gravitational waves from such phase transitions, and more speculatively to possible telescope signals of heavy dark matter decay.

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“…For those DM models in which the FOPT occurs after DM freeze-out in the evolution history of the Universe, it is mandatory to take the dilution of DM density into consideration. The dilution effect can be induced by the entropy injection, which may come from heavy states decaying to the thermal bath [45,46] or the electroweak FOPT [47][48][49][50][51][52]. Refs.…”

Section: Jhep02(2023)008mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dilution of dark matter relic density in singlet extension models

Xiao

Yang

Zhang

2023

J. High Energ. Phys.

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We study the dilution of dark matter (DM) relic density caused by the electroweak first-order phase transition (FOPT) in the singlet extension models, including the singlet extension of the standard model (xSM), of the two-Higgs-doublet model (2HDM+S) and the next-to-minimal supersymmetric standard model (NMSSM). We find that in these models the entropy released by the strong electroweak FOPT can dilute the DM density to 1/3 at most. Nevertheless, in the xSM and NMSSM where the singlet field configure is relevant to the phase transition temperature, the strong FOPT always happens before the DM freeze-out, making the dilution effect negligible for the current DM density. We derive an analytical upper bound on the freeze-out temperature and a numerical lower bound on nucleation temperature in the xSM. On the other hand, in the 2HDM+S where the DM freeze-out temperature is independent of FOPT, the dilution may salvage some parameter space excluded by excessive DM relic density or by DM direct detections.

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Ultra-relativistic bubbles from the simplest Higgs portal and their cosmological consequences

Cited by 31 publications

References 92 publications

Supercool subtleties of cosmological phase transitions

Supercool subtleties of cosmological phase transitions

Hot and heavy dark matter from a weak scale phase transition

Dilution of dark matter relic density in singlet extension models

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