Ultra Rapid and Highly Sensitive Disperser-less Liquid-liquid Microextraction of Organophosphate Pesticides Prior to Gas Chromatography with Mass Spectrometry Detection

Abstract

Background: Organophosphates (OPPs) are toxic chemicals that can cause serious health problems through poisoning water and food. Objectives: A very simple and fast disperser-less liquid microextraction strategy before chromatographic detection was designed for the analysis of organophosphates in various water solutions. Methods: A 60 µL aliquot of chloroform, as extraction solvent (without using disperser), was introduced into the sample solution by rapid injection, and the sedimented organic phase was analyzed to assay some organophosphates. Results: Analytical characteristics, including limits of detection (0.0003 - 0.001 µg.L-1), linear dynamic ranges (0.001 - 100 µg.L-1), relative standard deviations (2.5 - 10), enrichment factors (up to 238), and extraction recoveries (84% - 108%), indicated the high efficacy of the developed method for analyzing the target analytes. Conclusions: The proposed procedure was effectively used for the analysis of the OPPs in real tap water, river water, and fruit juice samples. In the present study, the examined analytes were in the range of 0.07 - 1.56 µg.L-1.

Optimization and Validation of Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction for Simultaneous Determination of Aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2 in Senna Leaves and Pods Using HPLC-FLD with Pre-Column Derivatization

“…Although water is not mutually soluble with chloroform, it can also increase the large surface area between fine droplets of chloroform and the water sample. These observations might have been due to the presence of a dispersive solvent decreasing the polarity of the aqueous sample [31], which consequently decreased the transfer of aflatoxins from the aqueous solution into small droplets of chloroform. Therefore, distilled water was chosen as the dispersive solvent in the present study.…”