Ultra-processed food consumption and dental caries in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Cascaes, Andréia Morales; Silva, Nathalia Ribeiro Jorge da; Fernandez, Matheus dos Santos; Bomfim, Rafael Aiello; Vaz, Juliana dos Santos

doi:10.1017/s0007114522002409

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…The possible explanation for this observation is that these types of foods are high in total fats and calories, and typically low in essential nutrients, such as antioxidant vitamins, minerals, and fiber, thereby leading to malnourishment precipitating suboptimal periodontal health. In a systematic review and meta-analysis of 27 studies, increasing consumption of the category of ultra-processed foods (e.g., fried, ready-to-eat, other processed foods) showed a positive association with dental caries in children and adolescents [ 62 ], as well as with moderate/severe periodontitis in adults [ 63 ]. Limitations of the current study included the lack of a comparison group of adults with no periodontitis without diabetes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Associations of Cardiometabolic and Dietary Variables with Clinical Periodontitis in Adults with and without Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study

Basu,

Richardson,

Carlos

et al. 2023

Nutrients

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Periodontitis is a commonly occurring inflammatory oral disease affecting a large proportion of global and US adults and is characterized by the destruction of the tooth-supporting apparatus. Its etiology is multifactorial, and type 2 diabetes and diet play critical roles in its remission and progression. However, few studies have addressed nutritional and serum vitamin D status in adults with periodontitis in the presence of diabetes. A cross-sectional study (n = 78), and a sub-set of age- and BMI-matched case–control studies (n = 50), were conducted to examine differences in dietary and cardiometabolic variables, and serum vitamin D in adults with periodontitis with or without diabetes. Participants provided fasting blood samples and 24-h diet recalls on at least two different days. Data on health history, body weight, height, nutritional habits, and clinical features of periodontitis were also collected. The Mann–Whitney U Test (with exact p-value estimation by Monte Carlo simulation) was used to examine differences by diabetes status in continuous and ordinal variables. Results revealed significantly lower serum vitamin D, and dietary intake of fruits, vegetables, dairy, vitamins A and C in adults with periodontitis with vs. without diabetes in the sub-study (all p < 0.05). In the overall sample, adults with diabetes presented with higher caries risk measures and lower numbers of teeth than those without diabetes; plaque and bleeding scores did not differ by diabetes status. Finally, a significant associations of food habits was observed, especially consuming protein-rich foods twice a day with a lower bleeding score, and daily consumption of fried or fast foods with a fewer number of teeth present (all p < 0.05). The present findings show significant dietary and serum vitamin D inadequacies among adults with periodontitis, and diabetes further aggravates the observed malnourishment and oral health.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Associations of Cardiometabolic and Dietary Variables with Clinical Periodontitis in Adults with and without Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study

Basu,

Richardson,

Carlos

et al. 2023

Nutrients

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“…2,3 Studies on the effect of UPF consumption on oral health based on the NOVA classification are scarce. [4][5][6] Most UPFs contain not only an excessive amount of sugar but also preservatives, additives, fats and other fermentable carbohydrates, such as monosaccharides and processed starches. 41 The association between the consumption of sweets and dental caries is well established in the literature, 8 but the role of processed starches in caries aetiology is still debated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Following the introduction of the food classification system NOVA, a growing number of research studies have evaluated the extent and purpose of food processing and its detrimental effects on various health outcomes 2,3 . Studies on the effect of UPF consumption on oral health based on the NOVA classification are scarce 4–6 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultra‐processed food consumption and dental caries in adolescents from the 2004 Pelotas Birth Cohort study

Silva

Camargo

Vaz

et al. 2023

Comm Dent Oral Epid

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ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between ultra‐processed food (UPF) consumption and dental caries in adolescents.MethodsData from 996 adolescents aged 12–13 years who participated in an oral health sub‐study of the 2004 Pelotas Birth Cohort in southern Brazil were analysed. The main exposure was daily UPF consumption at age 10–11 years, measured by a food frequency questionnaire containing 24 UPF items defined based on the NOVA system. UPF consumption was calculated in frequency, grams and calories, in general and for six types of food (biscuits, savoury snacks and sugar‐sweetened cereals; ultra‐processed meats and fats; sweets; fast food and instant noodles; soft drinks and artificially flavoured drinks; and sweetened milk and powdered chocolate). The outcome was dental caries, measured according to the decayed, missing and filled indexes (DMFS and dmfs) at age 12–13 years. Poisson regression models were used to analyse the association between UPF consumption and dental caries, adjusting for socioeconomic and demographic variables, dental visits and oral hygiene.ResultsOverall, the daily UPF consumption in frequency, grams and calories was associated with caries. The findings were consistent for UPF consumption for all six food groups. The higher the UPF consumption, the higher the probability of having caries in adolescence. The associations between ultra‐processed meats and fats, and fast food and instant noodles intake with dental caries alert to the cariogenic potential of such UPF foods.ConclusionUltra‐processed food consumption was associated with greater caries burdens in young adolescents. The findings reinforce the need for interventions and public policies to reduce UPF consumption in adolescence.

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“…These products are typically energy‐dense and high in added sugars (e.g., fructose, high‐fructose corn syrup, invert sugar, maltodextrin, dextrose and lactose), salt, saturated or trans fatty acids and other modified oils (hydrogenated or interesterified) 16,17 . Systematic reviews and meta‐analyses show a positive association between consumption of ultra‐processed foods and risk of dental caries and increased adiposity parameters in children and adolescents 18 . It is still unclear how much of this contribution may arise from SUP products specifically.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…16,17 Systematic reviews and meta-analyses show a positive association between consumption of ultra-processed foods and risk of dental caries and increased adiposity parameters in children and adolescents. 18 It is still unclear how much of this contribution may arise from SUP products specifically. Furthermore, characterizing SUP is relatively challenging, and methods to do so have been developed recently; thus, there are little data available from cohorts of children with complete and valid SUP foods information as well as objectively measured anthropometric data.…”

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confidence: 99%

Combined intake of sugar‐sweetened beverages and sugar‐containing ultra‐processed foods is associated with an increase in body mass index during early childhood

Pereyra

Mattei

2023

Pediatric Obesity

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Background: Sugar-containing ultra-processed (SUP) foods and beverages consumption has increased globally in recent years and contributes to the rising global trends of obesity and diet-related chronic non-communicable diseases. However, there are limited longitudinal studies of SUP foods and beverages intake and weight gain in children.Objectives: To examine associations between intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) and SUP foods and changes in body mass index during early childhood. Methods: Multistage sampling was used to select a nationally representative sample of Uruguayan children living in urban areas from the 2012-2013 Continuous Household Survey. The sample for this analysis included all children aged 0-3 years 11 months with dietary data in 2013-2014 (wave 1; n = 2611) and in 2015-2016 (wave 2; n = 2383). Multilevel regression modelling tested the association between children's consumption of SSB and SUP foods and change in BMI z-score (BMIz).Results: In multivariable-adjusted models, intake of SSB and SUP foods (in combination but not individually) in both waves was positively associated with change in BMIz over 2 years β coefficient: 0.13 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.02, 0.23). BMIz decreased among non-consumers (β: À0.12, 95% CI: À0.24, À0.00, p = 0.048). Associations were significant for SUP foods but not SSB foods individually. Children consuming ≥2 SSB and SUP foods (vs. <2) at baseline had increased BMIz (p for trend = 0.02). Conclusion:Early and current intake of SSB and SUP foods and beverages was associated with increases in BMIz in children over 2 years. K E Y W O R D S added sugars, body mass index, children, ultra-processed food 1 | INTRODUCTION Obesity in early childhood (age 0-5 years) is increasing in most regions of the world. The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that worldwide, early childhood overweight or obesity increased from 32 million in 1990 to 41 million in 2016. 1 While the increase in the

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Ultra-processed food consumption and dental caries in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 12 publications

References 66 publications

The Associations of Cardiometabolic and Dietary Variables with Clinical Periodontitis in Adults with and without Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study

The Associations of Cardiometabolic and Dietary Variables with Clinical Periodontitis in Adults with and without Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study

Ultra‐processed food consumption and dental caries in adolescents from the 2004 Pelotas Birth Cohort study

Combined intake of sugar‐sweetened beverages and sugar‐containing ultra‐processed foods is associated with an increase in body mass index during early childhood

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