Ultra-Processed Food Consumption and Adult Diabetes Risk: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis

Moradi, Sajjad; Kermani, Mohammad Ali Hojjati; Bagheri, Reza; Mohammadi, Hamed; Jayedi, Ahmad; Lane, Melissa; Asbaghi, Omid; Mehrabani, Sanaz; Suzuki, Katsuhiko

doi:10.3390/nu13124410

Cited by 57 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…The association between UPF and diabetes among this Chines population was consistent with the synthesized result of observational studies among adults in France, Netherland, UK, Spain, and Canada [ 13 ]. All studies applied the NOVA classification and four of them had follow-ups of 3.4–12 years [ 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ] with HR/OR ranging from 1.13 to 1.53.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…The evidence from the animal experiment indicates that UPF is a significant risk factor hyperinsulinemia and glucose intolerance [ 10 ], and certain types of UPF (e.g., soda and processed meats) were correlated with diabetes [ 11 , 12 ]. A recent meta-analysis of five observational studies from France, Netherland, Spain, UK, and Canada indicated each 10% increase UPF consumption was associated with the increased risk of diabetes by 15% in adults after adjusted for potential socioeconomic and lifestyle factors [ 13 ], while a cross-sectional study found among Brazil’s pregnant women that UPF intake was not associated with gestational diabetes mellitus [ 14 ]. There is no investigation of UPF intake and diabetes yet in China.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association between Ultra-Processed Food Consumption and Diabetes in Chinese Adults—Results from the China Health and Nutrition Survey

Shi

2022

Nutrients

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Aims: We aimed to assess the association between ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption with diabetes in Chinese adults. Methods: This study included 12,849 eligible adults aged 20 years and over attending at least two surveys in the China Nutrition and Health Survey during 1997–2011. Food intake at each survey was assessed by a 3-day 24-h dietary recall method. UPF was defined based on the NOVA classification. Diabetes was obtained from questionnaires and/or ascertained by fasting blood tests. The association of diabetes with UPF was examined using mix effect logistic regression adjusting for potential confounding factors. Results: The mean age of the participants was 43.3 (SD 14.8) years. The age and gender adjusted mean UPF intake increased four times and the prevalence of diabetes increased eight times in 1997–2011. Compared with non-consumers, the odds ratios (95% CI) of diabetes for those with mean UPF consumption of 1–19 g/day, 20–49 g/day, and ≥50 g/day were 1.21 (0.98, 1.48), 1.49 (1.19, 1.86), and 1.40 (1.08, 1.80), respectively (p trend < 0.001) after adjusted for the measured covariates including lifestyle factors (smoking, alcohol drinking, and physical activity), BMI and hypertension. Conclusions: both UPF consumption and prevalence of diabetes increased among adults in China during 1997–2011. Higher UPF consumption was positively associated with diabetes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Ultra-Processed Food Consumption and Diabetes in Chinese Adults—Results from the China Health and Nutrition Survey

Shi

2022

Nutrients

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“…This literature is broadly growing, leading to the first reviews and meta-analyses summarizing findings from prospective studies and consistently showing associations between UPF consumption and increased risk of many non-communicable diseases (4,(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13). Most of the studies are based on the NOVA classification distinguishing unprocessed, minimally processed, processed and ultra-processed foods (6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental impacts associated with UPF consumption: which food chain stages matter the most?Findings from a representative sample of French adults

Kesse‐Guyot

Allès

Brunin

et al. 2022

Preprint

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BackgroundScientific literature about environmental pressures associated with dietary patterns has been considerably growing over the last decade. However, few studies have analyzed the environmental impacts associated with the consumption of ultra-processed food (UPF) and which steps of the food system that contribute most to environmental pressures. The objective of this study was to investigate, in a representative sample of the adult French population, the environmental pressures of diets according to UPF consumption.MethodsThe study was conducted in 2,121 adults of the French nationally representative survey INCA 3. Food intakes were analyzed to define the %UPF (in weight) in the diet according to NOVA classification. Using detailed environmental data of foods of Agribalyse, we could assess the contribution of UPF to 14 indicators of environmental pressure and details those related to the stage of the food consumed: production, processing, storage, packaging, transport and retailing at the food level. The data was described according to quintiles of % of UPF in the diet and analyzed using crude and energy-adjusted models.ResultsCompared to low consumers of UPF (Q1, median UPF= 7%), high consumers (Q5, median UPF= 35%) had a higher energy intake (+22%) which came along with different environmental pressures (e.g. +15% greenhouse gas emissions (GHGe), +17% land use, -7% water use and +8% cumulative energy demand). Higher pressures could be ascribed to higher energy. However, the processing and packaging stages were significant contributor to energy demand. In Q5, contributions of the UPF category to total pressure were 35%, 39%, 28% and 42% for GHGe, water use land use, and energy demand, respectively, while ranging from 11 to 15% in Q1.ConclusionsDiets rich in UPF, compared to low, were overall associated with intensification in GHGe, land use, and energy demand and with higher contribution of post-farm stages, in particular processing regarding energy demand.HighlightsOverall, higher UPF consumption was associated with higher environmental impact, in particular GHGE and land useLow UPF consumers had overall higher water footprint (due to their high fruit and vegetable intake)A large part of the higher pressures observed among participants with higher UPF consumption was explained by their higher dietary energy intake since the associations did not remain or were even reversed after energy adjustmentRegardless of the % UPF in the diet, GHGe, land use and water use pressures mostly occurred at the stage of agricultural production, in contrast, packaging and processing stages were also important contributors to energy demandContribution of the UPF category to total impact/pressure varied across indicators, with a high contribution of the UPF category to energy demand, due to the packaging and processing stages, but a low contribution to GHGe and land use, because higher consumers of UPF are lower consumers of animal products

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“…The study by Cuevas-Sierra et al [5] also refers to studies that show an association between the degree of ultra-processed food and various diseases. Systematic reviews have been written that examine the connection between ultra-processed foods and health effects, however, thus far not focusing on the intestinal bacterial flora in particular [6][7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultra-Processed Foods and the Intestinal Bacterial Flora?

Mortensen¹

2022

Komp Nutr Diet

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Ultra-processed foods (UPFs) consumption could affect gut microbiota diversity and profile. We aimed to evaluate the effects of UPFs on microbiota, considering the role of sex. The consumption of UPFs (using NOVA criteria) was assessed with a validated 137-item food-frequency questionnaire. Participants (n = 359) were classified into less than three servings per day (n = 96) of UPFs and more than five (n = 90). Women and men were subclassified following the same criteria. 16S rRNA sequencing was performed from DNA fecal samples, and differences in microbiota were analyzed using EdgeR. The relationship between UPFs and bacteria was assessed by Spearman correlation and comparison of tertiles of consumption. Women who consumed more than five servings/day of UPFs presented an increase in Acidaminococcus, Butyrivibrio, Gemmiger, Shigella, Anaerofilum, Parabacteroides, Bifidobacterium, Enterobacteriales, Bifidobacteriales and Actinobacteria and a decrease in Melainabacter and Lachnospira. Bifidobacterium, Bifidobacteriales and Actinobacteria was positively associated with pizza and Actinobacteria with industrially processed dairy in women. Men who consumed more than five servings/day presented an increase of Granulicatella, Blautia,Carnobacteriaceae, Bacteroidaceae, Peptostreptococcaceae, Bacteroidia and Bacteroidetes and a decrease of Anaerostipes and Clostridiaceae. Bacteroidia and Bacteroidetes correlated positively with industrially processed meat. This study suggests that UPFs may affect microbiota composition differently in women and men.

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Ultra-Processed Food Consumption and Adult Diabetes Risk: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis

Cited by 57 publications

References 54 publications

Association between Ultra-Processed Food Consumption and Diabetes in Chinese Adults—Results from the China Health and Nutrition Survey

Association between Ultra-Processed Food Consumption and Diabetes in Chinese Adults—Results from the China Health and Nutrition Survey

Environmental impacts associated with UPF consumption: which food chain stages matter the most?Findings from a representative sample of French adults

Ultra-Processed Foods and the Intestinal Bacterial Flora?

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