Ultra‐performance liquid chromatography‐Quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry‐based metabolite profiling, quality evaluation, and marker analysis of Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Sprague by high‐performance thin‐layer chromatography

Abstract

Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Sprague (Apiaceae), commonly known as “Ajwain” is distributed throughout India. Ajwain fruits contain fiber, carbohydrates, phenolic acids, flavonoids, and tannins. The fruits also yield a small amount of essential oil, with Thymol as the principal constituent. Ajwain has various pharmacological activities like anti‐leishmanial, antimicrobial, cytotoxic, antispasmodic, nematocidal, and anthelmintic. The fruits are of high therapeutic value; thus, it becomes quite essential to evaluate the quality of Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Sprague to authenticate and ensure its therapeutic and nutritional properties. The ethyl acetate fraction of Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Sprague fruits exhibited the highest total phenolic and flavonoid content values of 149.55 ± 1.19 mg rutin equivalent and 682.85 ± 3.68 mg gallic acid equivalent, respectively. Metabolite profiling of the ethyl acetate fraction using ultra‐performance liquid chromatography‐quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry analysis resulted in identifying 19 phytomolecules. A validated high‐performance thin‐layer chromatography method was developed to quantify standard phytomolecules in the ethyl acetate fraction. The highest and lowest percentages of phytomarker were found to be caffeic acid (5.51% ± 0.16% w/w) and gallic acid (1.29% ± 0.09% w/w), respectively. This validated rapid, accurate, and precise method for standardization of Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Sprague will be beneficial for its quality evaluation as well as the derived products.

Antibacterial effects of chitosan-based hydrogels containing Trachyspermum ammi essential oil on pathogens isolated from dogs with otitis externa

“…Ajwain, scientifically known as Trachyspermum ammi (T. ammi), belongs to the Apiaceae family and the Apiales order. The well-known T. ammi fruit or dried seeds are regarded as a highly nutrient-dense or therapeutically enhanced component of the plant [1][2][3]. In medieval Persian medicine and pharmaceutical manuscripts, Ajwain is called Zenyan or Nankhah.…”

Targeted quantitative analysis of monoterpenoid indole alkaloids in Alstonia scholaris by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry

“…Although low or unit resolution triple quadrupole mass spectrometer in selected reaction monitoring or multiple reaction monitoring mode is considered the "gold standard" in the quantitative analysis of small molecules [15,16], limitations, such as restricted detection number of analytes at the same time and confined selectivity caused by limited resolution, still exist [15,17]. In recent years, UHPLC coupled with highresolution MS (HRMS) has triggered new techniques for the quick qualitative and targeted quantitative analysis [18] of phytochemicals [11,19,20] and drugs [21,22]. The limitations in triple quadrupole mass spectrometer detection caused by a unit or low resolution can be compensated by the application of HRMS instruments [17].…”