Ultra-low-temperature process effects on microscale abrasion of tool steel AISI D2

Gobbi, Sílvio José; Gobbi, Vagner João; Reinke, Gustavo; Muterlle, Palloma Vieira; Rosa, Daniel Monteiro

doi:10.1080/02670836.2019.1624018

Cited by 17 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…In Celsius scale, the deep cryogenic treatment (DCT) is in some literature below −160 • C (113 K) [46] and other literature −153 • C (120 K) [47,48], depending on the corresponding author. DCT can be also found in literature named as sub-zero treatment (SZT) [42] or ultra-low temperature process (ULTP) [18]. In SCT, the metallic material is placed after quenching directly below −80 • C for predetermined period to reach thermal equilibrium.…”

Section: Types Of Cryogenic Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on the Effect of Deep Cryogenic Treatment of Metallic Materials in Automotive Applications

Jovičević-Klug

Podgornik

2020

Metals

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With the development of society, every year there are increasing demands in the automotive industry on cost savings, environmental safety, reduction of raw material consumption, performance improvement, material life cycle and recycling of components. In this review, emphasis is given on ferrous and non-ferrous alloys, which are used as components, where both groups can be treated by deep cryogenic treatment (DCT). DCT has shown to increase hardness, tensile strength and wear resistance, reduce density of defects in crystal structure, improve toughness and corrosion resistance. Though, some researchers also reported results that showed no change in material properties, or even deterioration of material properties, when subjected to DCT. This additionally points out to lack of consistency and reliability of the DCT process, which is needed for its successful incorporation in automotive applications. However, to prove with certainty the resulting outcome on the material properties and knowledge about the reasons for the variation of this effect on metallic materials, further approach and testing with different variables should be conducted in the future. This review provides a synopsis of different approaches of DCT on different materials for automotive applications in order to indicate effects on the material performance during DCT.

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Section: Types Of Cryogenic Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on the Effect of Deep Cryogenic Treatment of Metallic Materials in Automotive Applications

Jovičević-Klug

Podgornik

2020

Metals

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“…In response to these limitations, cryogenic treatment has emerged as a promising supplementary technique for enhancing the properties of tool steels across various categories, including cold-work [1][2][3], hot-work [4,5], high-speed [6,7], and high-strength steels [8,9]. Cryogenic treatment, typically performed between hardening and tempering stages, involves subjecting the material to extremely low temperatures ranging from −60 to −196 • C, followed by controlled reheating to ambient conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Cryogenic Treatments on Hardness, Fracture Toughness, and Wear Properties of Vanadis 6 Tool Steel

Yarasu,

Jurci,

Ptacinova

et al. 2024

Materials

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The ability of cryogenic treatment to improve tool steel performance is well established; however, the selection of optimal heat treatment is pivotal for cost reduction and extended tool life. This investigation delves into the influence of distinct cryogenic and tempering treatments on the hardness, fracture toughness, and tribological properties of Vanadis 6 tool steel. Emphasis was given to comprehending wear mechanisms, wear mode identification, volume loss estimation, and detailed characterization of worn surfaces through scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy and confocal microscopy. The findings reveal an 8–9% increase and a 3% decrease in hardness with cryogenic treatment compared to conventional treatment when tempered at 170 °C and 530 °C, respectively. Cryotreated specimens exhibit an average of 15% improved fracture toughness after tempering at 530 °C compared to conventional treatment. Notably, cryogenic treatment at −140 °C emerges as the optimum temperature for enhanced wear performance in both low- and high-temperature tempering scenarios. The identified wear mechanisms range from tribo-oxidative at lower contacting conditions to severe delaminative wear at intense contacting conditions. These results align with microstructural features, emphasizing the optimal combination of reduced retained austenite and the highest carbide population density observed in −140 °C cryogenically treated steel.

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“…The influence of the DCT effect on microscale abrasion of AISI D2 tool steel is represented in [23]. The best wear resistance was achieved when the DCT was performed immediately after tempering.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increasing the Wear Resistance of Structural Alloy Steel 38CrNi3MoV Subjected to Isothermal Hardening and Deep Cryogenic Treatment

Bobyr,

Krot,

Parusov

et al. 2023

Applied Sciences

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In the production of critical parts for various machines and mechanisms, expensive structural steels are used alloyed with chromium, nickel, molybdenum, and vanadium. In practice, the wear resistance of parts, especially under severe operating conditions, may be insufficient due to uneven microstructure and the content of retained austenite. Therefore, increasing the operational stability of various products made of alloy steels is an important task. The purpose of this work is to investigate the effect of isothermal hardening from the intermediate (γ+α)-area and the duration of deep cryogenic treatment on the structure formation and frictional wear resistance of 38CrNi3MoV steel. The isothermal hardening promotes the formation of the required multiphase microstructure of 38CrNi3MoV steel. The influence of the duration of deep cryogenic treatment on the microhardness, amount of retained austenite, fine structure parameters, and friction wear of 38CrNi3MoV steel are established. Complex heat treatment of 38CrNi3MoV steel, according to the proposed mode, makes it possible to achieve a significant decomposition of retained austenite to martensite, which leads to an increase in frictional wear resistance of ~58%.

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Ultra-low-temperature process effects on microscale abrasion of tool steel AISI D2

Cited by 17 publications

References 41 publications

Review on the Effect of Deep Cryogenic Treatment of Metallic Materials in Automotive Applications

Review on the Effect of Deep Cryogenic Treatment of Metallic Materials in Automotive Applications

Effect of Cryogenic Treatments on Hardness, Fracture Toughness, and Wear Properties of Vanadis 6 Tool Steel

Increasing the Wear Resistance of Structural Alloy Steel 38CrNi3MoV Subjected to Isothermal Hardening and Deep Cryogenic Treatment

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