“…The energy crisis is one of the main challenges the human race should face in the near future. [1][2][3] The development and economy of a nation rely on the sustainability of energy resources and their efficient use with reduced environmental impacts. 4,5 Even though energy generation systems have made significant progress in the last few decades, more than 65% of the energy is still lost in conventional power generation in low-to-medium grade heat waste.…”
The thermoelectric effect provides a viable route for the direct conversion of thermal to electrical energy, which helps improve energy efficiency by utilizing waste heat from conventional energy resources. Herein,...
“…The energy crisis is one of the main challenges the human race should face in the near future. [1][2][3] The development and economy of a nation rely on the sustainability of energy resources and their efficient use with reduced environmental impacts. 4,5 Even though energy generation systems have made significant progress in the last few decades, more than 65% of the energy is still lost in conventional power generation in low-to-medium grade heat waste.…”
The thermoelectric effect provides a viable route for the direct conversion of thermal to electrical energy, which helps improve energy efficiency by utilizing waste heat from conventional energy resources. Herein,...
“…Nanotechnology has evolved as cutting-edge technology in variety of sectors due to the unique, interesting, and improved properties of nanomaterials. Nanomaterials have at least one particle dimension in nanometer range (1–100 nm), and their properties are significantly different owing to higher surface area compared to bulk phase of the material. − The properties of nanoparticles (NPs) vary with morphology, composition, and purity which allows tunability of the properties according to application requirements. − Nanotechnology has made significant advancements in different sectors such as medical, , agricultural, electronic, − engineering, , computational, and materials science. ,− In the last few decades, biomedical applications such as drug delivery, anticancer activity, antimicrobial activity, topical gel activity, dental tissue engineering, bone repair, topical imaging, and SERS of NPs have gained significant attention employing their superior properties. − …”
Antibiotic resistance against infections caused by microbes has emerged as a global challenge resulting in longer hospitalizations and higher medical cost and mortality. The excessive use of antibiotics has led to the swift progression of antibiotic resistance in bacterial strains. Metallic and metal oxide (M/MO) nanoparticles (NPs) have the potential to provide a pertinent alternative to antibiotics as they interact with the critical cellular organelles and biomolecules such as DNA, enzymes, ribosomes, and lysosomes. This affects the permeability of the cell membrane causing oxidative stress, gene expression, protein activation, and enzyme activation restricting the habitat of microbes. Further, NPs simultaneously target multiple biomolecules at once making them an efficient antibacterial agent against which microbes are unable to develop resistance easily, although the toxicity associated with the M/MO NPs still remains a key challenge for clinical uses. Green synthesis provides an efficient solution to reduce the toxic effects associated with these NPs as it does not use harsh chemicals and environment for the synthesis of NPs. In this work, we have provided a comprehensive review of the green synthesis of M/MO NPs using plants (roots, seeds, barks, flowers) and microbes (bacteria, fungi, algae). The yield of the NPs achieved from the green synthesis is lower than that of conventional methods and significant advancements have been made recently which are delineated in this review for different M/ MO NPs. Further, the mechanism of NP interaction with the microbes and their different antimicrobial applications have been discussed in detailed. The present review aims to provide a critical overview of the current state of the large-scale synthesis of the M/ MO NPs as well as their different antimicrobial activities.
“…Multifunctional nanomaterials play an important role in different fields of applied sciences including semiconductor electronics, solar energy, memory devices, and optoelectronics devices for development of efficient nanosensors and nanosystems [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ]. Therefore, tailoring of these nanomaterials for their desired properties is extremely important, especially for applications in advanced portable devices [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ].…”
Herein, we demonstrate a process for the synthesis of a highly crystalline bi-functional manganese (Mn)-doped zinc silicate (Zn2SiO4) nanostructures using a low-cost sol–gel route followed by solid state reaction method. Structural and morphological characterizations of Mn-doped Zn2SiO4 with variable doping concentration of 0.03, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 wt% were investigated by using X-ray diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) techniques. HR-TEM-assisted elemental mapping of the as-grown sample was conducted to confirm the presence of Mn in Zn2SiO4. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra indicated that the Mn-doped Zn2SiO4 nanostructures exhibited strong green emission at 521 nm under 259 nm excitation wavelengths. It was observed that PL intensity increased with the increase of Mn-doping concentration in Zn2SiO4 nanostructures, with no change in emission peak position. Furthermore, magnetism in doped Zn2SiO4 nanostructures was probed by static DC magnetization measurement. The observed photoluminescence and magnetic properties in Mn-doped Zn2SiO4 nanostructures are discussed in terms of structural defect/lattice strain caused by Mn doping and the Jahn–Teller effect. These bi-functional properties of as-synthesized Zn2SiO4 nanostructures provide a new platform for their potential applications towards magneto-optical and spintronic and devices areas.
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