Ultra-long Na₂Ti₃O₇ nanowires@carbon cloth as a binder-free flexible electrode with a large capacity and long lifetime for sodium-ion batteries

Abstract

A binder-free flexible electrode, ultra-long Na2Ti3O7 nanowires@carbon cloth, with large stable capacity and long lifetime was successfully synthesized by a one-pot hydrothermal method and demonstrates excellent sodium-ion storage performance for flexible energy-storage devices.

Na2Ti3O7/C Nanofibers for High‐Rate and Ultralong‐Life Anodes in Sodium‐Ion Batteries

“…Besides, the other peak at 285.3 eV can be clearly observed corresponded to C−O−Ti . For the Na 1s spectrum (Figure d), the peak is observed at 1071.6 eV that attests the sodium element resides in a quantivalence of +1 . In Figure e, there are Ti 2p 1/2 and Ti 2p 3/2 peak at ca.464.9 eV and ca.458.2 eV, respectively, suggesting that the predominant state of Ti element in Na 2 Ti 3 O 7 /C FNFs is present in the form of Ti 4+ .…”

“…From the above, both C1s and O1s confirmed the existence of C−O−Ti in the composite. The presence of C−O−Ti bond enhances the interaction between Na 2 Ti 3 O 7 nanoparticles and the carbon matrix to some extent, which makes the Na 2 Ti 3 O 7 /C FNFs structure more stable . In addition, there are also reports on such chemical bonds in other literature, such as C−O−Mo, C−O−P, etc., and the present of these bonds have been proved to improve the structural stability and electrochemical stability of composite materials.…”

1D Nanomaterials: Design, Synthesis, and Applications in Sodium–Ion Batteries

“…In addition, 1D nanostructure vanadium compounds (including Na 1.25 V 3 O 8 nanowires, NaV 3 O 8 nanowires, VN nanowires, Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 /C nanowires, Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 /C nanorods, and Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 /C mesoporous nanowires) as well as titanium compounds (such as Na 2 Ti 6 O 13 nanorods, Na 2 Ti 3 O 7 nanowires, and Na 2 Ti 3 O 7 nanowires) have been reported. Nanoparticles can shorten the length of ion transport and improve the electrochemical reaction kinetics.…”

Flexible Na batteries

“…Graphene papers have also been used as anode materials in flexible NIBs due to their mechanically robust structure. 52 As a binderfree flexible anode, this composite electrode demonstrated excellent cyclability with a capacity retention of over 96% after F I G U R E 3 Flexible anodes for flexible Na batteries. 57,58 However, almost all of these compounds suffer from poor electrical conductivity and ionic conductivity.…”

“…57,58 However, almost all of these compounds suffer from poor electrical conductivity and ionic conductivity. 52 Copyright 2016, The Royal Society of Chemistry. 19 Unlike the cathode compounds mentioned above in Section 2.1, Ti-based oxides or their precursors can be obtained from liquid-phase methods, resulting in their homogeneous dispersion in the substrates.…”