Ultra‐Long Crystalline Red Phosphorus Nanowires from Amorphous Red Phosphorus Thin Films

Smith, Joshua B.; Hagaman, Daniel; DiGuiseppi, David; Schweitzer‐Stenner, Reinhard; Ji, Hai‐Feng

doi:10.1002/anie.201605516

Cited by 56 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The BP show belt‐like morphology with high crystallinity. In Figure b, a BP belt was observed as grown directly from the bismuth substrate, indicating a possible growth mechanism of epitaxy, which is typical for 1D nanomaterials, particularly for the recent report about the catalyst‐assisted growth of red phosphorus nanowires . Once visualized from the side, the BP belts show a 2D structure with stacks of ultrathin belts, resulting in a “book‐like” structure as shown in Figure c.…”

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confidence: 71%

Growth of Black Phosphorus Nanobelts and Microbelts

Gao

et al. 2017

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2D materials have tremendous potential for electronic and optoelectronic applications. A good example can be found in graphene due to various novel physical properties. [1][2][3] However, graphene behaves as metallic or semimetallic due to the absence of bandgap, and thus cannot be used as semiconductor switches in computer circuits. Recently, a new 2D elemental allotrope material, black phosphorus (BP), has attracted increasing attention and is being investigated with lots of efforts. [4] BP has a similarly layered structure, which allows it to be mechanically exfoliated into ultrathin layers of atomic Black phosphorus nanobelts are fabricated with a one-step solid-liquid-solid reaction method under ambient pressure, where red phosphorus is used as the precursor instead of white phosphorus. The thickness of the as-fabricated nanobelts ranges from micrometers to tens of nanometers as studied by scanning electron microscopy. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction indicate that the nanobelts have the composition and the structure of black phosphorus, transmission electron microscopy reveals a typical layered structure stacked along the b-axis, and scanning transmission electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis demonstrates the doping of bismuth into the black phosphorus structure. The nanobelt can be directly measured in scanning tunneling microscopy in ambient conditions.

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confidence: 71%

Growth of Black Phosphorus Nanobelts and Microbelts

Gao

et al. 2017

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“…In Figure D, the cross‐sectional view of Ti‐RP/ZnO by field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM) exhibits an average thickness of ≈1.55 µm. As shown in Figure E,E1, high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images of the RP film display the morphology of the nanosheet, clearly showing parallel lattice fringes of (001) facets with a d‐spacing of 5.81 Å, which is consistent with typical fibrous P . Furthermore, the Raman spectra (Figure S3, Supporting Information) between 300 and 500 cm −1 of amorphous RP and Ti‐RP further confirm the successful growth of RP on Ti, as Ti‐RP exhibits the peaks of fibrous RP .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light‐Activated Rapid Disinfection by Accelerated Charge Transfer in Red Phosphorus/ZnO Heterointerface

Liu²,

Liang

et al. 2019

Small Methods

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A red phosphorus (RP)/ZnO heterojunction thin film is developed to harvest solar or light emitting diode (LED) light for rapid, effective, ecofriendly, lower‐cost, and safe disinfection, which is convenient for universal and large‐scale deposition. The most stable geometrical structure of the RP/ZnO heterojunction, i.e., an RP (001) plane and a ZnO (002) plane, exhibits charge redistribution largely at the interface region. Therefore, the effective interfacial charge transfer and the improved separation efficiency of photogenerated electron–hole pairs can strongly boost reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐generation reactions to enhance photocatalytic bacterial inactivation. The excellent light‐activated point‐of use disinfection can be achieved even through LED light of phone. Additionally, the RP/ZnO heterojunction also possesses excellent solar light‐to‐heat conversion efficiency, leading to further lethality to bacteria through hyperthermia. Antibacterial efficacy of 99.96 ± 0.03% against Staphylococcus aureus at 5 min and 99.97 ± 0.02% against Escherichia coli at 4 min can be attributed to the synergetic antibacterial activity of solar photocatalysis and photothermal effect (more than 50 °C in 2 min). This platform provides a surface strategy for designing synergetic photocatalytic and photothermal materials to fully harvest solar energy for not only water disinfection but also antibacterial surfaces in medical facilities, touch screen devices, or seawater desalination.

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“…In 1969, Thurn and Krebs postulated the structure of this crystalline form of red phosphorus. [14,15] These tubes are oriented in parallel sets of rods linked to each other between layers in fibrous red phosphorus, and perpendicularly to one another between layers in violet phosphorus (Scheme 1). [11] Violet phosphorus,w hich also falls into the category of red phosphorus and first prepared by Hittorf in 1865, forms red-to-violet colored platelets and displays acomplex tubular Phosphorus is an onmetal with several allotropes,from the highly reactive white phosphorus to the thermodynamically stable black phosphorus (BP) with apuckered orthorhombic layered structure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Black Phosphorus Rediscovered: From Bulk Material to Monolayers

2017

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Phosphorus is a nonmetal with several allotropes, from the highly reactive white phosphorus to the thermodynamically stable black phosphorus (BP) with a puckered orthorhombic layered structure. The bulk form of BP was first synthesized in 1914, but received little attention until it was rediscovered in 2014 as a member of the new wave of 2D layered nanomaterials. BP can be exfoliated to a single sheet that acts as a semiconductor with a tunable direct band gap, a high carrier mobility at room temperature, and an in-plane anisotropy. The development of BP applications is hampered by surface degradation, thus efforts to achieve effective BP passivation are ongoing, such as its integration in van der Waals heterostructures. BP has been tested as a novel nanomaterial in batteries, transistors, sensors, and photonics. This Review begins with the origin of the BP story, following the path from a bulk material to modern few/single layers. The physical and chemical properties are summarized, and the state-of-the-art of BP applications highlighted.

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Ultra‐Long Crystalline Red Phosphorus Nanowires from Amorphous Red Phosphorus Thin Films

Cited by 56 publications

References 22 publications

Growth of Black Phosphorus Nanobelts and Microbelts

Growth of Black Phosphorus Nanobelts and Microbelts

Light‐Activated Rapid Disinfection by Accelerated Charge Transfer in Red Phosphorus/ZnO Heterointerface

Black Phosphorus Rediscovered: From Bulk Material to Monolayers

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