Ultra Lightweight Proppants: Their Use and Application in the Barnett Shale

Schein, Gary W.; Carr, Philip Dale; Canan, Patrick A.; Richey, Ray

doi:10.2118/90838-ms

Cited by 15 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…A lot of research work has been done. Although the proppants with corundum or corundum pre-cured resin cladding sand [5,6] as the main ingredient have excellent chemical stability and good performance, the disadvantages including inadequate raw materials, complicated machining processes, large energy consumption, high cost and price limit their application [7]. There are lots of literature and patents for the preparation of low-cost proppants using bauxite and other minerals as the raw materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Compound Bonding Agent on the Performance and the Microstructure of Proppant

Sun

Song

2013

KEM

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Low-density proppants have been developed using two kinds of bauxites containing different ratios of aluminum as main raw materials and compound liquid as a binding agent. The influences of the amount of compound bonding agent and the sintering temperature on the performance of the proppant were studied. The phase composition of calcined sample was identified by X-ray diffraction (XRD) method. The microstructure of the sintered sample was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM). It is shown that the proppant prepared with increasing compound bonding agent can meet the national standard. With the increase of the sintering temperature, mullite with uniform grain size is formed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Compound Bonding Agent on the Performance and the Microstructure of Proppant

Sun

Song

2013

KEM

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“…Slickwater fracturing applications have recently enjoyed regained favor; in large part due to favorable treatment cost economics for the well stimulation benefit achieved using such relatively non-damaging fluids [4][5][6][7] . Slickwater fracturing treatments have been employed in many different reservoirs and often times, have proven to be very successful relative to conventional fracture designs incorporating conventional crosslinked guar-based fluid systems where higher concentrations of proppant were placed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Quest for Improved Proppant Placement: Investigation of the Effects of Proppant Slurry Component Properties on Transport

Brannon¹,

Wood²,

Wheeler³

2005

All Days

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TX 75083-3836, U.S.A., fax 01-972-952-9435. AbstractBeyond the initial fracture propagation, the primary function of fracturing fluids is to provide the means and media for the transport and placement of a conductive proppant pack in the created fracture such that resident hydrocarbons may be more easily produced. That is after all, the objective of hydraulic fracture stimulation. Fracturing fluids have undergone great scrutiny in recent years, leading to significant effort and expense expended in the quest to develop the "perfect" system. Historically, these efforts have been akin to the proverbial dog chasing his tail, rather than on addressing the engineering objective of the designated location of a conductive propped fracture. Primary development focus has been on optimization of fluid rheological stability to get the treatment "in the hole" and then, secondarily, on mitigating the damage caused by "new and improved" fluid system. Unfortunately, post-stimulation production analysis frequently demonstrates effective fracture area far less than that designed, suggesting either that the proppant-pack is damaged far more than expected or that the proppant was not placed in designated areal location. The latter could be due to inadequacies in terms of the lateral transport away from the wellbore (length) and/or in vertically covering the productive interval (height).Many low permeability reservoirs are now experiencing a renaissance in the application of high rate slickwater fracs. The slickwater treatments are typically designed for long fracture lengths even though such fluids are thought to have inherently poor proppant transport abilities, hence the high rate.Recent testing was conducted in a large-scale slot apparatus to evaluate the relative effects of proppant slurry component characteristics and the proppant transport capability. The effects of various fluid specific gravity, fluid viscosity, proppant specific gravity, proppant size, slurry flow rate, and slot width were investigated. Testing included fluids from slickwater to gelled, weighted brines, proppants from 40/70 Ottawa sand to 14/30 ultra-lightweight proppants, pump rates from 0.1 to 1.0 bbl/ft/min, and slot widths from 0.25 to 0.5 inch. This paper will provide evaluation of the proppant transport testing data and discuss the comparative abilities of current fracturing slurry system technologies to achieve placement of a productive propped fracture.

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“…Statistical analysis of about 400 wells resulted in an average water consumption of 2,000-2,400 gal/ft. (25-30 m³/m) for water fracs (Grieser 2006) and about 3,900 gal/ft (~42 m³/m) for the slickwater fracs used more recently, where the distance in meters corresponds to the length of the horizontal part of the well(Schein et al, 2004).…”

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confidence: 99%

Shale Gas: Strategic, Technical, Environmental and Regulatory Issues

2016

Cuadernos Orkestra

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In January 2016, the book Gas no convencional: shale gas. Aspectos estratégicos, técnicos, medioambientales y regulatorios was published. As we pointed out in the prologue of the book, the study of unconventional gas is within the lines of knowledge of the Energy Chair of Orkestra of the University of Deusto. In fact, three main lines of study are currently covered. Namely Energy markets, Energy Industry and Technology, and Energy Policy. The approach to the shale gas study that the reader has in his hands, in our view, covers a wide scope of topics, including the strategic aspects, the technical topics related to the exploration, drilling and hydraulic fracturing, as well as the environmental aspects and the regulation processes for exploration. One of the characteristics of the research of the Energy Chair is to try to work with a network of institutions, universities and professionals with experience and knowledge in the specific topics that we analyze. In this case, from the very beginning, it was though that the creation and implementation of a group of experts would be particularly valuable, so an Advisory Group and a Reviewers Group were put in place. The relevant professionals and institutions that we have the honor to count on are reflected in this study. Given the participation of the members of the Advisory Group and the Reviewers Group, the first draft of the study was written in English. At the beginning of the project, Nerea Álvarez, mining engineer, produced a first draft. The English version was translated into Spanish and later, when Claudia Suárez joined the Energy Chair of Orkestra, she was fully involved to revise, extend and improve the study. In the process, we decided to focus our improvements in the Spanish version and to publish a book in Spanish. This study does not cover exactly all aspects and details dealt with in the book. Therefore, the document cannot be considered, in strict sense, a full and complete translation of the book, although many improvements of the Spanish book have been incorporated to the first draft in English.

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Ultra Lightweight Proppants: Their Use and Application in the Barnett Shale

Abstract: TX 75083-3836, U.S.A., fax 01-972-952-9435.

Cited by 15 publications

References 10 publications

Influence of Compound Bonding Agent on the Performance and the Microstructure of Proppant

Influence of Compound Bonding Agent on the Performance and the Microstructure of Proppant

The Quest for Improved Proppant Placement: Investigation of the Effects of Proppant Slurry Component Properties on Transport

Shale Gas: Strategic, Technical, Environmental and Regulatory Issues

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