Ultra High Temperature Rare Earth Metal Extraction by Electrolysis

Abstract

Current industrial methods used for rare earth element (REE) extraction involve: 1) ore enrichment, 2) separation of rare earth oxides (REOs), 3) chlorination or hydrofluorination, and 4) individual electrowining of REEs from a molten halide electrolyte. The complexity of REE extraction is inherited from their electronic configuration. Recently, molten oxide electrolysis (MOE) has been used to produce reactive metals directly from their oxides, e.g. titanium. As a single-step alternative to processes 3) and 4), or laboratory has investigated rare earth extraction by MOE. A key challenge is to find a molten electrolyte more stable than REOs. One possibility is to use binaries of REOs directly as a solvent. We have, therefore, developed two experimental approaches for studying molten REOs at temperatures exceeding 2200 o C. The present work reports the most recent experimental results obtained with La 2 O 3-Y 2 O 3. Those promising results demonstrate potential for operating with molten REOs and refine the underlying materials challenge for electrodes to enable metal recovery.

Oxidation and electrical properties of chromium-iron binary alloys in a corrosive molten electrolyte environment

“…To date, MOE for ironmaking is a laboratory-proven extraction technology ( Fig. 1) [12,16,17], and is foreseen as scalable considering its analogies with molten salt electrolysis, which is used to produce several millions of tonnes of metals such as Al [18,19], Mg [20,21], Li [22,23], Mn [24,25] and rare earth metals [26][27][28][29].…”