Ultra-high-speed protection of transmission lines using traveling wave theory

The Half-Sine Method: A New Accurate Location Method Based on Wavelet Transform for Transmission-Line Protection from Single-Ended Measurements

“…The algorithm performance is evaluated by varying fault resistance, location, and fault type on the power system of Figure 3. Figures 11 and 12 show the error in fault distance estimation for single-line-ground (SLG), double-line-to-ground (LLG), line-to-line (LL) and three-phase (3L) faults, varying fault location (1,8,20,30,40,50, 60 and 100 km). It should be noted that these errors are almost insensitive to different fault types, being slightly higher for SLG faults.…”

“…Acquiring the arrival time of the traveling wave is difficult, but it can be done accurately using wavelet transform (WT) [7,8]. These methods can be single-ended [9] or double-ended [10].…”

ICA feature extraction for the location and classification of faults in high-voltage transmission lines

“…The propagation modes can be separated by using Clarke or Whedepohl transform [15]. If the fault occurs in the second half of the line, the distance from the fault point to the measurement one is given by (2).…”

“…Interesting methods for the location and classification of faults in transmission lines based on the TW theory have been proposed so far [2][3][4][5]. For instance, methods using wavelet transforms (WT) combined with SVM have been adopted to decompose the current and voltage signals associated to the fault in various input levels to classify the faults properly [6].…”

Fault Diagnosis and Location Method for Active Distribution Network Based on Artificial Neural Network

“…The modified impedance-based fault location algorithm [6] and the transient traveling wave method [7] are proposed for fault location. In [8], a novel impedance-based fault location method is used to determine the possible fault points.…”