Ultra-high repetition rate absorption spectroscopy with low noise supercontinuum radiation generated in an all-normal dispersion fibre

Dupont, Sune; Qu, Zhechao; Kiwanuka, Ssegawa-Ssekintu; Hooper, Lucy; Knight, Jonathan C.; Keiding, Søren Rud; Kaminski, Clemens F.

doi:10.1088/1612-2011/11/7/075601

Cited by 27 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…While this is substantial, it is significantly less than observed for conventional, anomalous dispersion SC, where nonlinear amplification factors for shot noise in the order of 90 dB were measured [26]. With our time domain analysis we can therefore confirm previous observations made in the spectral domain that even in the incoherent regime, ANDi SC exhibit better noise properties than the corresponding conventional SC [44]. The decrease of noise amplification with increasing technical noise level observed in the long-pulse regime can be understood by the fact that the absolute noise levels are dominated by amplified quantum noise and therefore remain approximately constant with increasing technical noise.…”

Section: Noise Amplificationsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Interestingly, previous studies of SC noise in the spectral domain have shown that even in the long-pulse incoherent regime, ANDi SC exhibit superior shot-to-shot stability compared to conventional, anomalous dispersion SC [44]. While ANDi SC spectra fluctuate in close correlation around a long-term mean, conventional SC exhibit more chaotic, radical fluctuations in which a single-shot spectrum does not resemble at all the long-term mean.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…In contrast, previous studies of compressed conventional SC pulses describe the appearance of chaotic pulse shape variations from shot-to-shot as soon as the coherence function starts to decrease, severely degrading the quality of the mean compressed pulse [8,9]. These statistical properties of ANDi SC imply that averaging over a relatively small ensemble size of 20 independent simulations is sufficient to extract the noise characteristics of the mean field, as confirmed by [35], while the ensemble size would have to be much larger for conventional SC [44].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Noise amplification in all-normal dispersion fiber supercontinuum generation and its impact on ultrafast photonics applications

Sierro¹,

Heidt²

2020

OSA Continuum

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Highly coherent and low-noise supercontinuum (SC) sources based on nonlinear spectral broadening of femtosecond pulses in all-normal dispersion (ANDi) fibers are attractive for many applications in ultrafast photonics. By simulating a real nonlinear pulse compression experiment, we numerically investigate the impact of shot noise and technical pump laser fluctuations on the quality and stability of single-cycle pulse generation and other multi-shot experiments based on the manipulation of the SC spectral phase. We find that for pump pulse durations of less than 600 fs, input relative intensity noise <1%, and correctly chosen fiber lengths, the initial fluctuations of the pump laser are at most amplified by a factor of three. We also show that the usual strong correlation between SC coherence and quality of the compressed pulses collapses in the presence of technical noise, and that in this situation the coherence is not a useful figure of merit to quantify pulse quality, noise amplification, or decoherence due to incoherent nonlinear dynamics. Our results highlight the very limited impact of technical pump laser noise on ANDi SC generation and are of practical relevance for many ultrafast photonics applications that require high-quality, low-noise SC sources.

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Section: Noise Amplificationsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Noise amplification in all-normal dispersion fiber supercontinuum generation and its impact on ultrafast photonics applications

Sierro¹,

Heidt²

2020

OSA Continuum

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“…Furthermore, it is expected that the trend of noise reduction will continue, e.g., by implementing the supercontinuum generation in an all-normal-dispersion regime, which is insensitive to the input pump noise delivering the enhanced shot-to-shot spectral coherence. [16][17][18][19][20] Meanwhile, with respect to the achieved average power, intensities up to 21.8 W were recently achieved in the wavelength range of 1.9-3.8 mm. 21 The broad spectral range covered by these sources is continuously extending [22][23][24][25][26][27] even beyond the fingerprint region revealing attractive potentials for spectroscopic measurements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity-Enhanced Fourier Transform Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy Using a Supercontinuum Laser Source

et al. 2020

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Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometers have been the dominant technology in the field of mid-infrared (mid-IR) spectroscopy for decades. Supercontinuum laser sources operating in the mid-IR spectral region now offer the potential to enrich the field of FT-IR spectroscopy due to their distinctive properties, such as high-brightness, broadband spectral coverage and enhanced stability. In our contribution, we introduce this advanced light source as a replacement for conventional thermal emitters. Furthermore, an approach to efficient coupling of pulsed mid-IR supercontinuum sources to FT-IR spectrometers is proposed and considered in detail. The experimental part is devoted to pulse-to-pulse energy fluctuations of the applied supercontinuum laser, performance of the system, as well as the noise and long-term stability. Comparative measurements performed with a conventional FT-IR instrument equipped with a thermal emitter illustrate that similar noise levels can be achieved with the supercontinuum-based system. The analytical performance of the supercontinuum-based FT-IR spectrometer was tested for a concentration series of aqueous formaldehyde solutions in a liquid flow cell (500 µm path length) and compared with the conventional FT-IR (130 µm path length). The results show a four-times-enhanced detection limit due to the extended path length enabled by the high brightness of the laser. In conclusion, FT-IR spectrometers equipped with novel broadband mid-IR supercontinuum lasers could outperform traditional systems providing superior performance, e.g., interaction path lengths formerly unattainable, while maintaining low noise levels known from highly stable thermal emitters.

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“…With this technique repetition rates exceeding 100 kHz can be achieved [2,4]. Nevertheless, very few studies addressing temperature evaluation from the broadband spectra are currently found [3,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flame Temperature Measurements by Time-domain Based Supercontinuum Absorption Spectroscopy

et al. 2015

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Temperature is one of the scalar quantities of major interest in most technical combustion systems such as gas turbines, furnaces or internal combustion engines. In this work, we present for the first time quantitative temperature measurements in a flame by time-domain based supercontinuum absorption spectroscopy. In a 1-dimensional McKenna type burner temperature is inferred from broadband H 2 O spectra by a multi-peak least-square algorithm to data from the Barber-Tennyson line list (BT2) within a spectral range from 1340 nm to 1485 nm. The results are compared with temperature measurements based on coherent anti-stokes Raman scattering (CARS). A good agreement is achieved, showing the capability of time-domain based supercontinuum absorption spectroscopy temperature measurements in a flame. Further the beneficial influence of high bandwidth detection equipment is presented, which allows for a more distinct detection of many week high temperature transitions.

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Ultra-high repetition rate absorption spectroscopy with low noise supercontinuum radiation generated in an all-normal dispersion fibre

Cited by 27 publications

References 32 publications

Noise amplification in all-normal dispersion fiber supercontinuum generation and its impact on ultrafast photonics applications

Noise amplification in all-normal dispersion fiber supercontinuum generation and its impact on ultrafast photonics applications

Sensitivity-Enhanced Fourier Transform Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy Using a Supercontinuum Laser Source

Flame Temperature Measurements by Time-domain Based Supercontinuum Absorption Spectroscopy

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