Ultra-fast silicon detectors (UFSD)

Sadrozinski, H. F-W.; Anker, A.; Chen, J.; Fadeyev, V.; Freeman, P. M.; Galloway, Z.; Gruey, B.; Grabas, H. M. X.; John, Christopher R. St.; Liang, Z.; Losakul, R.; Mak, S.-N. Hazel; Ng, C.W.; Seiden, A.; Woods, N.; Zatserklyaniy, A.; Baldassarri, B.; Cartiglia, N.; Cenna, F.; Ferrero, M.; Pellegrini, G.; Hidalgo, S.; Baselga, M.; Carulla, M.; Fernández-Martínez, P.; Flores, D.; Merlos, A.; Quirion, D.; Mikuž, M.; Kramberger, G.; Cindro, V.; Mandić, I.; Zavrtanik, M.

doi:10.1016/j.nima.2016.03.093

Cited by 98 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Previous results for single sensors before and after irradiation can be found in Refs. [2][3][4][5][6][7]. In this paper, the previous results have been confirmed and extended to results of LGAD arrays, including uniformity scans of the pad surface.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…The breakdown voltage for arrays was found to be reduced (about 200 V for medium dose) due to the absence of a JTE around each pad as explained above. Beam tests and laboratory measurements have been performed in the past both for 300 µm, 50 µm and 35 µm thick LGADs, mostly single-pad devices [2][3][4][5][6][7]. In particular, results of laboratory studies on the devices of the same run used here can be found in Refs.…”

Section: Lgad Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Beam test measurements of Low Gain Avalanche Detector single pads and arrays for the ATLAS High Granularity Timing Detector

et al. 2018

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A : For the high luminosity upgrade of the LHC at CERN, ATLAS is considering the addition of a High Granularity Timing Detector (HGTD) in front of the end cap and forward calorimeters at |z| = 3.5 m and covering the region 2.4 < η < 4 to help reducing the effect of pile-up. The chosen sensors are arrays of 50 µm thin Low Gain Avalanche Detectors (LGAD). This paper presents results on single LGAD sensors with a surface area of 1.3×1.3 mm 2 and arrays with 2×2 pads with a surface area of 2×2 mm 2 or 3×3 mm 2 each and different implant doses of the p + multiplication layer. They are obtained from data collected during a beam test campaign in autumn 2016 with a pion beam of 120 GeV energy at the CERN SPS. In addition to several quantities measured inclusively for each pad, the gain, efficiency and time resolution have been estimated as a function of the position of the incident particle inside the pad by using a beam telescope with a position resolution of few µm. Different methods to measure the time resolution are compared, yielding consistent results. The sensors with a surface area of 1.3×1.3 mm 2 have a time resolution of about 40 ps for a gain of 20 and of about 27 ps for a gain of 50 and fulfil the HGTD requirements. Larger sensors have, as expected, a degraded time resolution. All sensors show very good efficiency and time resolution uniformity. K: Solid state detectors; Timing detectors A X P : 1804.00622

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Lgad Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beam test measurements of Low Gain Avalanche Detector single pads and arrays for the ATLAS High Granularity Timing Detector

et al. 2018

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“…Much higher gains compromise the S/N ratio, because bulk shot noise is also amplified by the amplification structure (called excess noise) such that there is an optimal gain for maximum signal-to-noise (see for instance [36] or [42]). Prototype LGAD structures have been fabricated [38,43] with relatively large pads (from 8×8 mm 2 to 1×1 mm 2 ), rather than pixels, mainly to validate the underlying models and simulations of the achievable time resolution. LGAD weighting field simulations and measurements: (a) slew rate as a function of detector thickness for different amplification gains (simulation); (b) comparison of time resolutions from weighting field simulations (WF2) and from test beam measurements using constant fraction discrimination.…”

Section: Lgad Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The WF2 simulations for 1x1µm 2 are underlined by the dashed line only to guide the eye. The data are taken from [38], [43], [44], [33], and [42].…”

Section: Lgad Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of advances in pixel detectors for experiments with high rate and radiation

Garcia-Sciveres¹,

Wermes²

2018

Rep. Prog. Phys.

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The large Hadron collider (LHC) experiments ATLAS and CMS have established hybrid pixel detectors as the instrument of choice for particle tracking and vertexing in high rate and radiation environments, as they operate close to the LHC interaction points. With the high luminosity-LHC upgrade now in sight, for which the tracking detectors will be completely replaced, new generations of pixel detectors are being devised. They have to address enormous challenges in terms of data throughput and radiation levels, ionizing and non-ionizing, that harm the sensing and readout parts of pixel detectors alike. Advances in microelectronics and microprocessing technologies now enable large scale detector designs with unprecedented performance in measurement precision (space and time), radiation hard sensors and readout chips, hybridization techniques, lightweight supports, and fully monolithic approaches to meet these challenges. This paper reviews the world-wide effort on these developments.

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“…(b) Comparison of time resolutions from simulations (WF2) and from test beam measurements. Data points from [55], [56], [57], [58], and [59].…”

Section: Fast Timing With Pixelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pixel detectors ... where do we stand?

Wermes

2019

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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Pixel detectors have been the working horse for high resolution, high rate and radiation particle tracking for the past 20 years. The field has spun off into imaging applications with equal uniqueness. Now the move is towards larger integration and fully monolithic devices with to be expected spin-off into imaging again. Many judices and prejudices that were around at times were overcome and surpassed. This paper attempts to give an account of the developments following a line of early prejudices and later insights.

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Ultra-fast silicon detectors (UFSD)

Cited by 98 publications

References 8 publications

Beam test measurements of Low Gain Avalanche Detector single pads and arrays for the ATLAS High Granularity Timing Detector

Beam test measurements of Low Gain Avalanche Detector single pads and arrays for the ATLAS High Granularity Timing Detector

A review of advances in pixel detectors for experiments with high rate and radiation

Pixel detectors ... where do we stand?

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